{"id":33043,"date":"2025-07-03T09:42:07","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T09:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/sk\/?p=33043"},"modified":"2025-07-03T09:42:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T09:42:07","slug":"dieta-s-poruchou-sluchu-na-slovensku-a-potreba-osvety-nielen-pre-verejnost-ale-aj-odbornu-obec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/sk\/dieta-s-poruchou-sluchu-na-slovensku-a-potreba-osvety-nielen-pre-verejnost-ale-aj-odbornu-obec\/","title":{"rendered":"Die\u0165a s poruchou sluchu na Slovensku a potreba osvety nielen pre verejnos\u0165, ale aj odborn\u00fa obec"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor s\u00a0mamkou Zuzkou o\u00a0jej synkovi Vilkovi s\u00a0poruchou sluchu a\u00a0diagnostike, ktor\u00e1 mohla pr\u00eds\u0165 o\u00a0nie\u010do sk\u00f4r<\/p><\/h1><\/div>

Ke\u010f sa die\u0165a narod\u00ed, rodi\u010dia si \u010dasto predstavuj\u00fa jeho prv\u00e9 kroky, slov\u00e1 a bezstarostn\u00e9 detstvo pln\u00e9 smiechu. Nie v\u017edy v\u0161ak v\u0161etko prebieha pod\u013ea o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed. Mamka Zuzka spolu s\u00a0rodinou sa ocitli v situ\u00e1cii, ktor\u00fa si predt\u00fdm ani len nevedeli predstavi\u0165 \u2013 ich syn Vilko sa narodil s poruchou sluchu, hoci prvotn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie tomu nenazna\u010dovalo. Diagn\u00f3za, ktor\u00e1 mohla pr\u00eds\u0165 omnoho sk\u00f4r, znamenala v\u00fdzvu, av\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 od\u0161tartovala cestu pln\u00fa odhodlania, l\u00e1sky a h\u013eadania rie\u0161en\u00ed. V rozhovore sa s nami Zuzka podelila o svoje sk\u00fasenosti, o tom, ako sa s touto realitou vyrovn\u00e1vala, a pre\u010do je v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika tak\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Foto: Zuzka s man\u017eelom Mirkom a oboma de\u0165mi (Vilko sprava) \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Zuzana spolu s man\u017eelom\u00a0Miroslavom maj\u00fa dve deti. Vilko m\u00e1 \u010doskoro 5,5 roka a\u00a0Eli\u00e1nka onedlho 2,5 roka. \u017dij\u00fa na v\u00fdchode Slovenska v\u00a0dedinke \u017dup\u010dany pri Pre\u0161ove. Man\u017eel Miro je projektantom dopravn\u00fdch stavieb a Zuzka je moment\u00e1lne na materskej, ale\u00a0inak pracuje ako u\u010dite\u013eka na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole. I vzh\u013eadom na svoju profesiu si d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie v\u0161imla, \u017ee Vilko sa nevyv\u00edja tak, ako in\u00e9 deti \u2013 najm\u00e4 po komunika\u010dnej str\u00e1nke. Napokon sa vo Vilkovom pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f mal skoro p\u00e4\u0165 rokov, zistilo, \u017ee m\u00e1 stredne \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa poruchu sluchu na oboch u\u0161iach.<\/p>\n

Ako uv\u00e1dza mama Zuzka, cesta k\u00a0odhaleniu probl\u00e9mu bola dlh\u00e1 a\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 aj po psychickej str\u00e1nke: \u201eSpo\u010diatku nikto netipoval, \u017ee by mohlo \u00eds\u0165 o\u00a0poruchu sluchu, nako\u013eko Vilko sa ot\u00e1\u010dal po osloven\u00ed jeho menom, hoci nie v\u017edy. Tie\u017e sa ot\u00e1\u010dal za okolit\u00fdmi zvukmi, rozpozn\u00e1val svoje ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 piesne, na zavolanie pribehol aj z\u00a0inej izby. My, ako laici, sme sa riadili t\u00fdm, \u010do povedia lek\u00e1ri. Na prevent\u00edvnej prehliadke, ke\u010f mal Vilko tri roky, n\u00e1m pediatri\u010dka nedala v\u00fdmenn\u00fd l\u00edstok na ORL, preto\u017ee pod\u013ea novorodeneckej spr\u00e1vy mal Vilko OAE vy\u0161etrenie v\u00a0poriadku (v\u00fdbavn\u00e9 otoakustick\u00e9 emisie) a\u00a0skr\u00edningom v\u00a0p\u00f4rodnici teda pre\u0161iel,\u201c poukazuje na nezmyseln\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Pritom realita ob\u010das ukazuje, \u017ee sa u\u00a0die\u0165a\u0165a, ktor\u00e9 kedysi vyhovelo krit\u00e9ri\u00e1m novorodeneck\u00e9ho skr\u00edningu sluchu, m\u00f4\u017ee nesk\u00f4r objavi\u0165 porucha sluchu. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 poruchy, pri ktor\u00fdch porucha sluchu pri naroden\u00ed nie je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 a die\u0165a za\u010dne str\u00e1ca\u0165 sluch a\u017e vo vy\u0161\u0161om veku, \u010di po\u0161kodenie vl\u00e1skov\u00fdch buniek v\u00a0kochlei alebo sluchovom nerve n\u00e1sledkom \u0165a\u017ekej infekcie a\u00a0lie\u010dby ototoxick\u00fdmi (sluch po\u0161kodzuj\u00facimi) liekmi, alebo r\u00f4zne \u00farazy, oper\u00e1cie \u010di onkologick\u00e1 lie\u010dba. Samozrejme, do \u00favahy mus\u00edme zobra\u0165 aj fakt, \u017ee ani pr\u00edstroje, ani odborn\u00edci nie s\u00fa stopercentne spo\u013eahliv\u00ed, a\u00a0preto mohol zlyha\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fd alebo\u00a0technick\u00fd faktor (OZ Infosluch, 2025[1]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my so sluchom je potrebn\u00e9 odhali\u0165 u\u017e v \u00fatlom veku. \u0160anca na \u201eopravu\u201c a vyvolanie potrebnej reakcie re\u010dov\u00e9ho centra je pod\u013ea poznatkov odborn\u00edkov do konca \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho roku \u017eivota. Sign\u00e1ly, kedy treba zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pozornos\u0165, mo\u017eno pozorova\u0165 u\u017e od jedn\u00e9ho roka veku. Pokia\u013e die\u0165a do 18 mesiacov nerozozn\u00e1va men\u00e1 zn\u00e1mych \u013eud\u00ed, zvierat, objektov, nenasleduje jednoduch\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy (napr\u00edklad \u201epo\u010f sem\u201c), neoto\u010d\u00ed hlavu, ke\u010f z inej miestnosti prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zvuky a nereaguje na hudbu, nenapodob\u0148uje jednoduch\u00e9 slov\u00e1 a neb\u013eaboce, nepozrie na dan\u00fd zn\u00e1my objekt, ke\u010f sa o \u0148om hovor\u00ed, mo\u017eno zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pozornos\u0165. Taktie\u017e pokia\u013e die\u0165a do dvoch rokov veku nepou\u017e\u00edva viac ako p\u00e4\u0165 slov, nepozn\u00e1 predmety pod\u013ea ich n\u00e1zvu, nereaguje slovami \u201e\u00e1no\u201c alebo \u201enie\u201c na ot\u00e1zku, nemie\u0161a b\u013eabotanie s norm\u00e1lnou re\u010dou, nete\u0161\u00ed sa, ke\u010f sa ide \u010d\u00edta\u0165 alebo nerozumie jednoduch\u00fdm slovn\u00fdm spojeniam. Pokia\u013e die\u0165a do troch rokov veku nedok\u00e1\u017ee vytvori\u0165 jednoduch\u00e9 vety typu \u201eja idem\u201c, nem\u00e1 z\u00e1ujem o jednoduch\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy,\u00a0 nerozumie mnoh\u00fdm ak\u010dn\u00fdm slov\u00e1m (\u201ebe\u017e\u201c, \u201echo\u010f\u201c, \u201esadni si\u201c), nevie si vybra\u0165 \u201emal\u00e9\u201c alebo \u201eve\u013ek\u00e9\u201c, nepou\u017e\u00edva mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a sloves\u00e1, nep\u00fdta sa ot\u00e1zky typu \u201e\u010do\u201c a \u201epre\u010do\u201c a\u00a0slabo reaguje na svoje meno \u2013 treba zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017en\u00fa poruchu sluchu (Kol. autorov, 2023[2]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

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Foto: Mal\u00fd Vilko s ockom \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div>\n

Po \u010fal\u0161om roku, ke\u010f mal Vilko \u0161tvrt\u00e9 narodeniny, boli s\u00a0n\u00edm rodi\u010dia op\u00e4\u0165 u\u00a0pediatri\u010dky na prevent\u00edvnej prehliadke a\u00a0znova sa rie\u0161ilo v\u0161eli\u010do mo\u017en\u00e9, okrem ORL: \u201eNa\u0161\u0165astie moja mama (Vilkova babka z\u00a0matkinej strany), n\u00e1m st\u00e1le pr\u00edzvukovala, \u017ee sa jej Vilko jav\u00ed ako slabo po\u010duj\u00faci a\u00a0urgovala, aby sme si ur\u010dite dorie\u0161ili vy\u0161etrenie sluchu. Nakoniec som sa vr\u00e1tila na pediatrick\u00fa ambulanciu s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee chceme absolvova\u0165 foniatrick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie. Ale bolo to ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 dom\u00e1ha\u0165 sa objekt\u00edvnych ASSR a\u00a0BERA vy\u0161etren\u00ed, hoci sme dostali odpor\u00fa\u010danie od ambulantnej ORL lek\u00e1rky, ktor\u00e1 Vilka vy\u0161etrovala. V\u00a0Pre\u0161ove mali stroj dlhodobo pokazen\u00fd, v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach v\u00a0detskej nemocnici n\u00e1s \u201eodbili\u201c s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee nie je d\u00f4vod robi\u0165 vy\u0161etrenie ASSR a\u00a0BERA, ke\u010f mal dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky po naroden\u00ed,\u201c kr\u00fati Zuzka hlavou nad nezmyselnos\u0165ou vyjadren\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161etrenie otoakustick\u00fdch emisi\u00ed (OAE) je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na schopnosti vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1skov\u00fdch buniek vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho ucha v kochlei reagova\u0165 na zvukov\u00e9 podnety vibr\u00e1ciou. T\u00fato vibr\u00e1ciu, naz\u00fdvan\u00fa emisia, je mo\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00e4tne zachyti\u0165 pomocou drobn\u00e9ho mikrof\u00f3nu umiestnen\u00e9ho vo vonkaj\u0161om zvukovode. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee vibr\u00e1cie vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa iba zdrav\u00e9 bunky, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhodnotenie funk\u010dnosti sluchu. Pri vy\u0161etren\u00ed sa do u\u0161ka die\u0165a\u0165a vlo\u017e\u00ed mal\u00e1 sonda vybaven\u00e1 mikrof\u00f3nom, ktor\u00e1 vysiela zvukov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly \u2013 t\u00f3ny alebo kliknutia. N\u00e1sledne sa meraj\u00fa vzniknut\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie a v\u00fdsledky analyzuje po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Ak je sluch die\u0165a\u0165a v norme alebo m\u00e1 sluchov\u00fa stratu men\u0161iu ako 30 dB, v\u00fdsledkom testu je \u201ePASS\u201c \u2013 otoakustick\u00e9 emisie s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v dostato\u010dnom mno\u017estve. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee emisie nie s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9, odozva (echo) sa nenameria, \u010do vedie k v\u00fdsledku \u201eREFER\u201c. Hoci je skr\u00edning OAE vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov spo\u013eahliv\u00fd, existuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimky. Niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee zdrav\u00e9 die\u0165a dosta\u0165 v\u00fdsledok \u201eREFER\u201c a naopak, die\u0165a so stratou sluchu m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 \u201ePASS\u201c. Preto, ak sa v neskor\u0161om veku objavia pochybnosti o sluchu, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nespolieha\u0165 sa len na prvotn\u00fd skr\u00edning, ale podst\u00fapi\u0165 objekt\u00edvne vy\u0161etrenia (BERA, ASSR) (Hovorkov\u00e1, 2015[3]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Die\u0165a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 \u013eahk\u00fa a\u017e stredn\u00fa poruchu sluchu, pri ktorej m\u00f4\u017ee pomerne dobre po\u010du\u0165 hlbok\u00e9 a siln\u00e9 samohl\u00e1sky, av\u0161ak vysok\u00e9 a\u00a0tich\u00e9 spoluhl\u00e1sky (napr\u00edklad sykavky alebo t, f) mu u\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie unika\u0165. Pri slove \u201eka\u0161a\u201c teda zapo\u010duje tak\u00e9to die\u0165a napr\u00edklad (-a-a). Oto\u010d\u00ed sa na rodi\u010da, ke\u010f\u017ee nie\u010do po\u010duje, ale nevie, o\u00a0ak\u00e9 slovo ide. Die\u0165a si bude musie\u0165 po\u010das d\u0148a neust\u00e1le dom\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165, \u010do mu bolo povedan\u00e9, namiesto toho, aby nas\u00e1valo maximum z\u00a0re\u010di. D\u00f4vod je ten, \u017ee samohl\u00e1sky s\u00fa v\u00a0sloven\u010dine hlasit\u00e9, ale pre porozumenie nenes\u00fa skoro \u017eiadnu inform\u00e1ciu (20 %). Spoluhl\u00e1sky s\u00fa naopak tich\u0161ie, ale nes\u00fa a\u017e 80 % re\u010dovej inform\u00e1cie (OZ Infosluch, 2025[4]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Ako uv\u00e1dza Zuzka, nakoniec sa jej synovi za\u010dala venova\u0165 a\u017e \u010fal\u0161ia odborn\u00ed\u010dka: \u201eUjala sa n\u00e1s lek\u00e1rka vo Fakultnej nemocnici L. Pastera v Ko\u0161iciach, pani doktorka Sk\u00e1lov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 mu dala urobi\u0165 objekt\u00edvne vy\u0161etrenie a\u00a0odvtedy vieme, \u017ee Vilko m\u00e1 stredne \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa poruchu sluchu. Vilko mal vtedy ani nie mesiac do piatich naroden\u00edn. \u010ci\u017ee o\u00a0poruche sluchu vieme iba kr\u00e1tko. Preto mu hne\u010f objednala na\u010d\u00favacie apar\u00e1ty (NA).\u201c<\/p>\n

Treba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee za r\u00f4znymi probl\u00e9mami s pozornos\u0165ou, v\u00fdslovnos\u0165ou \u010di\u202fpam\u00e4\u0165ou sa \u010dasto skr\u00fdva pr\u00e1ve oslaben\u00e9 sluchov\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie. Strata sluchu sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 \u010dast\u00fdm neporozumen\u00edm in\u0161trukcie, n\u00e1padn\u00fdm ot\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm sa na hovoriaceho, nat\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm jedn\u00e9ho ucha k zdroju zvuku \u010di od\u010d\u00edtavan\u00edm z\u00a0pier (Kol. autorov, 2025[5]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

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Foto: Vilko \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0poruchami sluchu ide \u010dasto o\u00a0genetick\u00fd faktor. Preto sme sa Zuzky p\u00fdtali, \u010di si v\u00a0tomto smere dali spravi\u0165 genetick\u00e9 testy:<\/strong> \u201eNie, genetick\u00e9 testy sme neabsolvovali a\u00a0nedostali sme na to ani odpor\u00fa\u010danie od odborn\u00edkov. Ale po odhalen\u00ed poruchy sluchu sme sa dozvedeli, \u017ee v\u00a0man\u017eelovej vzdialenej\u0161ej rodine sa porucha sluchu objavila nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t (dokonca v\u00a0\u0161tyroch pr\u00edpadoch), tak\u017ee asi vieme \u201eodkia\u013e vietor f\u00faka\u201c. N\u00e1m to ale nevad\u00ed, sme radi, \u017ee sme na to pri\u0161li a\u00a0\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme s\u00a0Vilkom cielenej\u0161ie pracova\u0165. Ni\u010d n\u00e1s nezastav\u00ed,\u201c dod\u00e1va Zuzka s\u00a0odhodlan\u00edm a\u00a0uva\u017eovan\u00edm nad mo\u017en\u00fdm neskor\u0161\u00edm vy\u0161etren\u00edm genetiky.<\/p>\n

Genetick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie pri poruche sluchu toti\u017e zohr\u00e1va v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch. Pre pacienta je i\u00a0v\u00a0neskor\u0161om veku k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pozna\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu svojho ochorenia, \u010do mu umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 jeho vznik, mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky a zbavi\u0165 sa neistoty z nezn\u00e1mej diagn\u00f3zy. Ke\u010f\u017ee viac ako 50 % obojstrann\u00fdch vn\u00fatrou\u0161n\u00fdch por\u00fach sluchu v detskom veku m\u00e1 genetick\u00fd p\u00f4vod, molekul\u00e1rno-genetick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie je pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pri stanoven\u00ed presnej diagn\u00f3zy. Ak sa potvrd\u00ed genetick\u00e1 pr\u00ed\u010dina, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 typ dedi\u010dnosti, zhodnoti\u0165 riziko vzniku poruchy u s\u00farodencov \u010di v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 predpoveda\u0165 progn\u00f3zu a pravdepodobnos\u0165 progresie straty sluchu. V r\u00e1mci genetick\u00e9ho poradenstva sa m\u00f4\u017ee odporu\u010di\u0165 vy\u0161etrenie partnerov, v\u010dasn\u00e1 DNA diagnostika u novorodencov z rizikov\u00fdch rod\u00edn, pr\u00edpadne prenat\u00e1lna diagnostika. V\u010dasn\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia genetickej predispoz\u00edcie umo\u017e\u0148uje efekt\u00edvne napl\u00e1novanie rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu a zabezpe\u010denie optim\u00e1lnej starostlivosti (Varga, 2025[6]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci rozhovoru n\u00e1s zauj\u00edmalo aj\u00a0to, ak\u00e9 je Vilko die\u0165a, ako komunikuje a ak\u00e1 je jeho akt\u00edvna i\u00a0pas\u00edvna slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba. <\/strong>Pod\u013ea Zuzky je Vilko ve\u013emi hrav\u00fd, spolo\u010densk\u00fd a usmievav\u00fd chlap\u010dek: \u201eOd narodenia mal r\u00e1d kolekt\u00edvy, aj ke\u010f COVID doba mu to ve\u013emi neumo\u017e\u0148ovala. Povedala by som, \u017ee je to tak\u00fd typick\u00fd chlap\u010dek, tak\u00fd mal\u00fd \u201e\u017eivan\u201c z\u00e1rove\u0148. M\u00e1 ve\u013emi r\u00e1d pobyt vonku, zvieratk\u00e1, r\u00e1d zdol\u00e1va kopce \u2013 zbad\u00e1 kopu hliny alebo kame\u0148a a\u00a0hne\u010f ju chce zdola\u0165. Povedala by som, \u017ee toto m\u00e1 po man\u017eelovi, ktor\u00fd je v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fd turista a\u00a0ok\u00fasil u\u017e nieko\u013eko slovensk\u00fdch a\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vrchov. Vilko za\u010dal komunikova\u0165 posunkami, gestami \u2013 na toto sa chyt\u00e1 ve\u013emi pekne. Pomohla n\u00e1m v\u00a0tom okrem in\u00fdch intervenci\u00ed tie\u017e animoterapia, nako\u013eko nav\u0161tevujeme jednu minifarmu[7]<\/a>. Zlep\u0161ilo sa porozumenie, resp. to, \u010do nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pred \u0161tyrmi mesiacmi, dnes u\u017e je. V\u00a0akt\u00edvnej slovnej z\u00e1sobe sme sa pohli o\u00a0nie\u010do tie\u017e. Vilko je e\u0161te st\u00e1le neverb\u00e1lny, ale u\u017e sa sna\u017e\u00ed opakova\u0165 \u013eahk\u00e9 slov\u00e1 ako: ham, hav, daj, papa a\u00a0in\u00e9. U Vilka sa predpoklad\u00e1 okrem poruchy sluchu aj porucha sluchov\u00e9ho spracov\u00e1vania,\u201c podot\u00fdka Zuzka.<\/p>\n

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Foto: Vilko miluje zvieratk\u00e1 \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div>\n

Vilko teda za\u010dal nosi\u0165 na\u010d\u00favacie pr\u00edstroje zna\u010dky Phonak, a\u017e ke\u010f mal p\u00e4\u0165 rokov. Zuzka tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee spo\u010diatku ich nosil a\u017e 11 hod\u00edn denne, ale po zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed hlasitosti si ich za\u010dal viac strh\u00e1va\u0165: \u201ePod\u013ea slov lek\u00e1ra je to prirodzen\u00e9, \u017ee zmeny m\u00f4\u017eu robi\u0165 probl\u00e9m a\u00a0preto je adapt\u00e1cia odhadovan\u00e1 aj na rok. Vilko sa dostal s\u00a0po\u010dut\u00edm na 30db pomocou NA, \u010do je u\u017e dos\u0165 dobr\u00e9 na to, aby zrete\u013ene po\u010dul re\u010d. Napr\u00edklad hudba mu nikdy nerobila probl\u00e9m,\u201c dod\u00e1va Zuzka.<\/p>\n

Vilko od svojich troch rokoch nav\u0161tevuje r\u00f4zne terapie v\u00a0centre Svetielko[8]<\/a>. Zuzka podot\u00fdka, \u017ee odkedy sa vie o\u00a0poruche sluchu, s\u00fa tieto intervencie e\u0161te cielenej\u0161ie: \u201eM\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fa surdop\u00e9dku a \u0161peci\u00e1lnu pedagogi\u010dku K. Jadvi\u0161ov\u00fa[9]<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m ve\u013emi pomohla a\u00a0pom\u00e1ha. Aj ona bola t\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s na probl\u00e9m so sluchom upozornila a\u00a0popohnala do vy\u0161etrenia. V\u010fa\u010d\u00edme jej za ve\u013ea \u2013 \u010di u\u017e ide o pr\u00edstup k\u00a0Vilkovi, za jej trpezlivos\u0165 a\u00a0l\u00e1sku k\u00a0de\u0165om a\u00a0k\u00a0svojej pr\u00e1ci. S\u00a0Vilkom pracuje pravidelne raz do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a a dost\u00e1vame dom\u00e1ce \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00edm precvi\u010dujeme. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade nejasnost\u00ed sa na\u0161ej surdop\u00e9dky st\u00e1le p\u00fdtame. S\u00a0Vilkom nav\u0161tevujeme i klinick\u00fa logop\u00e9dku, ktor\u00e1 sa orientuje na deti s\u00a0poruchami sluchu. Tam chod\u00edme e\u0161te pomerne kr\u00e1tko, ale Vilko sa tie\u017e pekne chyt\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve na tie posunky a\u00a0gest\u00e1. Takisto \u00falohy na doma prisp\u00f4sobujeme na z\u00e1klade konzult\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00a0logop\u00e9dkou. Doma pracujeme okrem spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho aj na rozvoji hrubej a\u00a0jemnej motoriky a grafomotoriky, prep\u00e1jan\u00ed hemisf\u00e9r, u\u010d\u00edme sa rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165 zvuky ulice, zvieratiek \u010di hudobn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov,\u201c vymenov\u00e1va Zuzka.<\/p>\n

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Foto: Vilko na terapi\u00e1ch \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div>\n

Ako die\u0165a rastie, stret\u00e1va sa s nov\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami a o\u010dak\u00e1va sa od neho osvojovanie si st\u00e1le komplexnej\u0161\u00edch zru\u010dnost\u00ed. Porucha sluchu m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne ovplyvni\u0165 jeho schopnos\u0165 spr\u00e1vne \u010d\u00edta\u0165, p\u00edsa\u0165 a rozpr\u00e1va\u0165. Ni\u017e\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 sluchovej synt\u00e9zy obmedzuje rozvoj sluchovej pam\u00e4te, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 n\u00e1sledn\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami pri p\u00edsan\u00ed dikt\u00e1tov, zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed tabu\u013eky n\u00e1sobenia \u010di recitovan\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00ed. Na podporu sluchov\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la u\u010debn\u00fdch pom\u00f4cok a sluchov\u00fdch hier. Napr\u00edklad onomatopoick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy vo forme farebn\u00fdch karti\u010diek, na ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fd obraz spolu so zodpovedaj\u00facim zvukom alebo elektronick\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri precvi\u010dovan\u00ed sluchovej pam\u00e4te. Sluchov\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie mo\u017eno stimulova\u0165 systematick\u00fdm tr\u00e9ningom citlivosti na zvuky, rytmick\u00fdmi aktivitami a cvi\u010deniami zameran\u00fdmi na sluchov\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu. Av\u0161ak najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je venova\u0165 die\u0165a\u0165u dostatok \u010dasu, pozornosti a trpezlivosti. Hrav\u00e9 a pestr\u00e9 aktivity podporuj\u00fa prirodzen\u00fd rozvoj jeho re\u010dov\u00fdch, \u010ditate\u013esk\u00fdch a sluchov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, pri\u010dom u\u010denie sa st\u00e1va z\u00e1bavnou a motivuj\u00facou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jeho ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota (Insgraf, 2025[10]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee Vilko m\u00e1 tie\u017e mlad\u0161ieho s\u00farodenca \u2013 sestru, zauj\u00edmalo n\u00e1s aj to, ako si s\u00a0\u0148ou rozumie i\u00a0v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0jeho poruchou sluchu.<\/strong> Pod\u013ea mamy Zuzky si Vilko so sestri\u010dkou ve\u013emi rozumie: \u201eS\u00fa tak\u00e1 zohran\u00e1 dvojka. Aj preto sme za Eli\u00e1nku ve\u013emi v\u010fa\u010dn\u00ed, lebo ver\u00edme, \u017ee je tu pre Vilka tie\u017e. Sestri\u010dka e\u0161te nevn\u00edma na Vilkovi ni\u010d ako hendikep. Berie ho tak\u00e9ho, ak\u00fd je \u2013 pre \u0148u je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd, \u010do je z\u00e1rove\u0148 i \u0161kolou \u017eivota pre n\u00e1s ostatn\u00fdch. Pokia\u013e vid\u00ed, \u017ee Vilkovi niekto rob\u00ed \u201ezle\u201c, hne\u010f zasiahne. Napr\u00edklad aj ja, ke\u010f od neho chcem to, \u010do mu pr\u00e1ve nie je po v\u00f4li, tak ona hne\u010f zasiahne a\u00a0upozor\u0148uje ma, aby som mu nerobila \u201ezle\u201c,\u201c smeje sa Zuzka.<\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e sme sa p\u00fdtali na reakcie rodiny po zisten\u00ed, \u017ee Vilko m\u00e1 poruchu sluchu:<\/strong> \u201e\u010co sa t\u00fdka rodiny, tak nem\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee by sme sa stretli s\u00a0nejak\u00fdm nepochopen\u00edm. Sk\u00f4r zo za\u010diatku, ke\u010f e\u0161te nerozpr\u00e1val, som samozrejme dost\u00e1vala n\u00e1vody na to, ako s\u00a0n\u00edm m\u00e1m rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 alebo mu \u010d\u00edta\u0165 rozpr\u00e1vky a\u00a0podobne, ale odkedy vieme o\u00a0poruche sluchu, tak u\u017e zrazu neprich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u017eiadne n\u00e1vody... Vilko m\u00e1 ur\u010dite viac \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v\u00a0okol\u00ed a v\u00a0rodine. Vilkov ocko je ten naj\u00fa\u017easnej\u0161\u00ed otec, ak\u00e9ho si Vilko mohol \u017eela\u0165. Man\u017eel mu venuje naozaj ve\u013ea \u010dasu a\u00a0starostlivosti \u2013 voz\u00ed ho po terapi\u00e1ch, nav\u0161tevuje s\u00a0n\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu z nich, preto\u017ee Vilko je pri \u0148om k\u013eudnej\u0161\u00ed, a po celom dni s\u00a0mamou je mu ocko aj vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00ed. A\u00a0ja sa zatia\u013e venujem doma na\u0161ej dc\u00e9rke. Spolo\u010dne nav\u0161tevujeme hlavne logop\u00e9diu a\u00a0ORL kontroly v\u00a0Ko\u0161iciach,\u201c popisuje Zuzka.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0ako je to so \u0161k\u00f4lkou?<\/strong> V\u00a0\u0161kolskom roku 2025\/2026 bude toti\u017e Vilko pred\u0161kol\u00e1k a\u00a0po odhalen\u00ed poruchy sluchu mali rodi\u010dia hne\u010f jasno, kde ho chc\u00fa prihl\u00e1si\u0165: \u201eVo\u013eba padla, aj na z\u00e1klade odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00edm pracuj\u00fa, na Spojen\u00fa intern\u00e1tnu \u0161kolu Pavla Sabado\u0161a v\u00a0Pre\u0161ove, ktor\u00e1 je orientovan\u00e1 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na deti s\u00a0poruchou sluchu a\u00a0deti s\u00a0naru\u0161enou komunika\u010dnou schopnos\u0165ou (NKS). Ako to bude \u010falej v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti nevieme, nem\u00e1me ve\u0161teck\u00fa gu\u013eu, a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve to n\u00e1m d\u00e1va nadej, \u017ee n\u00e1s e\u0161te Vilko m\u00f4\u017ee prekvapi\u0165. A\u00a0my ver\u00edme, \u017ee prekvap\u00ed. Nech u\u017e sa v\u0161ak udeje \u010doko\u013evek, je to st\u00e1le n\u00e1\u0161 Vilko, jeden \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd chlap\u010dek, syn\u010dek a\u00a0bra\u010dek \u2013 na tom sa nemen\u00ed ni\u010d ani do bud\u00facna,\u201c zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje miluj\u00faca mama.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0akej \u010fal\u0161ej pomoci sa dost\u00e1va Vilkovej rodine?<\/strong> \u201eOkrem man\u017eela n\u00e1s taktie\u017e podporuje a\u00a0povzbudzuje cel\u00e1 rodina. Pre m\u0148a ako matku je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou podporou okrem man\u017eela tie\u017e moja mama a\u00a0sestra \u2013 Vilkova krstn\u00e1 mama, ktor\u00e1 je takisto pedagogi\u010dka, podobne, ako moja mama. Kompenz\u00e1cie od \u0161t\u00e1tu sme nikdy ne\u017eiadali. Sna\u017eili sme sa, to \u010do sa dalo, financova\u0165 z\u00a0vlastn\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed, ale donekone\u010dna to takto ne\u0161lo. \u010ci\u017ee u\u017e druh\u00fd rok si pom\u00e1hame zbieran\u00edm dvoch percent z\u00a0dan\u00ed cez ob\u010dianske zdru\u017eenie Spolu to zvl\u00e1dneme \u2013 Burko[11]<\/a>. Pom\u00e1haj\u00fa n\u00e1m odbremeni\u0165 sa od platenia za terapie, vy\u0161etrenia a\u00a0v\u010fa\u010d\u00edme za to aj pri financovan\u00ed pohonn\u00fdch hm\u00f4t do auta, ktor\u00fdm sa pres\u00favame na tieto terapie a\u00a0vy\u0161etrenia. V\u00a0decembri 2024 n\u00e1s v\u0161ak prekvapila i na\u0161a obec \u017dup\u010dany[12]<\/a> na \u010dele s\u00a0p\u00e1nom starostom a\u00a0v\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0ob\u010dianskym zdru\u017een\u00edm Za lep\u0161ie \u017dup\u010dany[13]<\/a>, \u00daniou \u017eien \u017dup\u010dany a\u00a0Dobrovo\u013en\u00fdm hasi\u010dsk\u00fdm zborom \u017dup\u010dany, pri\u010dom pre Vilka zorganizovali benefi\u010dn\u00fa akciu, ktorej v\u00fd\u0165a\u017eok venovali n\u00e1\u0161mu synovi. Bolo to naozaj kr\u00e1sne gesto od vedenia obce a v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v\u00a0dedine, v\u00a0ktorej \u017eijeme. Pri\u0161lo mnoho \u013eud\u00ed aj z\u00a0in\u00fdch obc\u00ed, ktor\u00ed Vilka poznaj\u00fa. Ve\u013emi ma to dojalo. To n\u00e1m pomohlo uhradi\u0165 doplatok za na\u010d\u00favacie pr\u00edstroje a\u00a0pol roka terapi\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zuzka, a \u010do by si si priala ako matka die\u0165a\u0165a s\u00a0poruchou sluchu \u2013 \u010do by mal robi\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1t, in\u0161tit\u00facie, odborn\u00edci \u010di verejnos\u0165? <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00a0prvom rade by mali vedie\u0165 hendikep prija\u0165, ale tie\u017e pom\u00e1ha\u0165, a\u00a0to nem\u00e1m na mysli len finan\u010dne, ale celkovo. My sme na ceste, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s stoj\u00ed naozaj ve\u013ea n\u00e1mahy, stresu a strachu. In\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1m by som odk\u00e1zala aby ned\u00e1vali de\u0165om \u201estopku\u201c \u2013 napr\u00edklad po jednom dni v\u00a0\u0161k\u00f4lke, ale aby h\u013eadali rie\u0161enia pre tieto deti... Nie ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a s\u00a0probl\u00e9mom mus\u00ed by\u0165 len v\u00a0\u0161peci\u00e1lnej \u0161k\u00f4lke, a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve \u201enormo\u201c \u0161k\u00f4lky \u010di \u0161koly vedia die\u0165a potiahnu\u0165. Treba h\u013eada\u0165 rie\u0161enia, nie v\u00fdhovorky. \u0160t\u00e1t by mal ur\u010d\u00edte podporova\u0165 rodi\u010dov v\u0161etk\u00fdch det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ak\u00fdko\u013evek probl\u00e9m, nielen sluchov\u00fd. Ned\u00e1va\u0165 peniaze na zbyto\u010dnosti, preto\u017ee mnohokr\u00e1t m\u00e1m dojem, \u017ee peniaze s\u00fa, ale id\u00fa in\u00fdm smerom, \u017ee rie\u0161enia s\u00fa, ale h\u013eadaj\u00fa sa v\u00a0menej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch veciach... Odborn\u00edci by mali myslie\u0165 i na rodi\u010dov, ktor\u00ed v\u0161etko pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa s\u00a0die\u0165a\u0165om, a\u00a0mnohon\u00e1sobne viac ako die\u0165a. Bu\u010fte tu aj pre nich, preto\u017ee ak rodi\u010d nebude ma\u0165 silu, tak kto potom? Verejnos\u0165 pros\u00edm, nes\u00fa\u010fte poh\u013eadmi a\u00a0nevhodn\u00fdmi pozn\u00e1mkami \u2013 neviete, \u010do si rodina za\u017e\u00edva. Bu\u010fte t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed rodi\u010dov podporia alebo pochv\u00e1lia! Dajte im pocit, \u017ee sa ni\u010d nedeje, napr\u00edklad ke\u010f m\u00e1 die\u0165a v\u00a0obchode hlu\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed prejav, ako je be\u017en\u00e9. Deti, nevzd\u00e1vajte sa, hoci v\u00e1m povedia, \u017ee nie\u010do v\u00a0\u017eivote nedosiahnete. V\u017edy je n\u00e1dej nie\u010do dosiahnu\u0165,\u201c odkazuje.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Foto: Vilko \u00a9Private<\/p><\/div>\n

Pr\u00edbeh mamky Zuzky, jej rodiny a syn\u010deka Vilka so stredne \u0165a\u017ekou poruchou sluchu n\u00e1m pripom\u00edna, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u010dasn\u00e9 rozpoznanie a diagnostikovanie poruchy sluchu. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a si zasl\u00fa\u017ei mo\u017enos\u0165 plnohodnotne vn\u00edma\u0165 svet okolo seba, a spr\u00e1vna diagnostika spolu s v\u010dasnou intervenciou mu m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 cestu k rozvoju komunik\u00e1cie a samostatnosti. Zuzkina sk\u00fasenos\u0165 je d\u00f4kazom toho, \u017ee rodi\u010dovsk\u00e1 intu\u00edcia a vytrvalos\u0165 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri h\u013eadan\u00ed odpoved\u00ed a rie\u0161en\u00ed. Jej pr\u00edbeh m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 povzbuden\u00edm pre \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rodi\u010dov, aby sa neb\u00e1li kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zky, h\u013eada\u0165 odborn\u00fa pomoc a bojova\u0165 za potreby svojich det\u00ed. Preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a si zasl\u00fa\u017ei po\u010du\u0165, by\u0165 vypo\u010dut\u00e9 a ma\u0165 \u0161ancu rozvin\u00fa\u0165 svoj potenci\u00e1l naplno.<\/p>\n

Autor: Miroslava Zemanov\u00e1<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/infosluch.sk\/1422\/priznaky-poruchy-sluchu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.drmax.sk\/babyclub\/ma-vase-dieta-problemy-so-sluchom-nezanedbavajte-tieto-priznaky<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nepocujucedieta.sk\/porucha-sluchu-co-robit\/spoznavame-poruchu-sluchu\/diagnostika-poruchy-sluchu\/skrining-sluchu-v-porodnici-otoakusticke-emisie-oae-teoae<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/infosluch.sk\/1285\/caste-otazky-k-roznym-vysetreniam-sluchu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/lekar.sk\/sluchu-dokazu-metody-stimulacie-vnimania-zvukov-velmi-pomoct\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unilabs.sk\/clanky-invitro\/genetika-vrodenych-poruch-sluchu<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/svetspolu<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> vi\u010f. https:\/\/www.centrumsvetielko.sk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ohana.sk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/poruchy-sluchu-obmedzenie-sluchoveho-vnimania\/349?order=position&p=2<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/burko.sk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/zupcany.sk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/zazupcany<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zivot-sk"],"yoast_head":"\nDie\u0165a s poruchou sluchu na Slovensku a potreba osvety nielen pre verejnos\u0165, ale aj odborn\u00fa obec - Slovak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/sk\/dieta-s-poruchou-sluchu-na-slovensku-a-potreba-osvety-nielen-pre-verejnost-ale-aj-odbornu-obec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Die\u0165a s poruchou sluchu na Slovensku a potreba osvety nielen pre verejnos\u0165, ale aj odborn\u00fa obec - 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