{"id":17699,"date":"2022-03-08T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T08:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/?p=17699"},"modified":"2025-04-26T08:25:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-26T08:25:47","slug":"vyskum-o-buducnosti-rehabilitacie-sluchu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/sk\/vyskum-o-buducnosti-rehabilitacie-sluchu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdskum o bud\u00facnosti rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sluchov\u00e1 rehabilit\u00e1cia: G\u00e9nov\u00e1 terapia a optick\u00fd KI<\/h1><\/div>

Posledn\u00fd de\u0148 rak\u00faskeho kongresu ORL, v septembri 2021 v Innsbrucku, sa pozornos\u0165 s\u00fastredila na strednodob\u00fa a vzdialen\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

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V roku 2013, Priv. Doz. DI DDr. Ingeborg Hochmair, zakladate\u013eka rak\u00faskeho v\u00fdrobcu implant\u00e1tov\u00a0MED-EL<\/a>, Prof. Dr. Blake S. Wilson, vedec z Duke University a Prof. Dr. Graeme M. Clark z University of Melbourne, z\u00edskali Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award za v\u00fdvoj modern\u00fdch kochle\u00e1rnych implant\u00e1tov. Ke\u010f\u017ee implantol\u00f3gia sluchu pr\u00e1ve osl\u00e1vila v roku 2021 svoje 30. v\u00fdro\u010die, cena Alberta Laskera za z\u00e1kladn\u00fd medic\u00ednsky v\u00fdskum bola udelen\u00e1 trom vedcom, ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdskum by sa mohol sta\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pre bud\u00facnos\u0165\u00a0kochle\u00e1rnych implant\u00e1tov<\/a>. Cenu z\u00edskali Prof. Karl Deisseroth, M.D., Ph.D. na Stanfordskej univerzite v Kalifornii, prof. Peter Hegemann z Humboldtovej univerzity v Berl\u00edne a prof. Dieter Oesterhelt z Biochemick\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu Maxa Plancka, ktor\u00ed sk\u00famali svetlocitliv\u00e9 prote\u00ednov\u00e9 mikroorganizmy a ich vyu\u017eitie v optogenetike. Tento prote\u00edn je nevyhnutn\u00fdm predpokladom pre rozvoj optick\u00fdch KI, od ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa odborn\u00edci vysok\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania.<\/p>\n

Na ORL kongrese predstavil Prof. Dr. Stefan Volkenstein preh\u013ead bud\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja v u\u0161nej chirurgii, pre ktor\u00fa s\u00fa hybnou silou digitaliz\u00e1cia a technologiz\u00e1cia. To sa vz\u0165ahuje aj na sluchov\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty. Napr\u00edklad vylep\u0161en\u00e9 vizualiz\u00e1cie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa individu\u00e1lne optimalizovan\u00e9 kochle\u00e1rne implant\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Prof. Volkenstein spomenul v\u00edzie bud\u00facnosti s konkr\u00e9tnym odkazom na KI. Okrem sna mnoh\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov KI o plne implantovanom syst\u00e9me m\u00f4\u017ee optick\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia a genetick\u00e1 rehabilit\u00e1cia sluchovej schopnosti sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee implant\u00e1ty bud\u00fa zastaran\u00e9.<\/p>\n

G\u00e9ny pre dobr\u00fd sluch<\/h2>\n

V pr\u00edpade z\u00edskanej poruchy sluchu nie genetick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu (vyskytuj\u00facej sa v neskor\u0161om veku) sa najpokro\u010dilej\u0161ia g\u00e9nov\u00e1 terapia zameriava na priamu regener\u00e1ciu zmyslov\u00fdch buniek ucha. \u201eMnoh\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tak\u00e1to regener\u00e1cia je mo\u017en\u00e1,\u201c vysvetlila vo svojej prezent\u00e1cii prof. Ellen Reisinger z Univerzitnej nemocnice v T\u00fcbingene. \u201eAle zatia\u013e len jedna \u0161t\u00fadia ukazuje, \u017ee zlep\u0161uje aj sluch. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee tento efekt e\u0161te nebol reprodukovan\u00fd.\u201c \u010ci a kedy by tak\u00e1to terapia mohla by\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e1, preto zatia\u013e nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 predv\u00edda\u0165. Probl\u00e9my so sluchom v ranom detstve s\u00fa z 80 percent geneticky sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 a viac ako 70 percent t\u00fdchto genetick\u00fdch vari\u00e1ci\u00ed ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdlu\u010dne sluch. Av\u0161ak t\u00fdchto g\u00e9nov je ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo: v pr\u00edpade reces\u00edvnych variantov je zn\u00e1mych 78 r\u00f4znych g\u00e9nov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou.<\/p>\n

Existuje predpoklad na s\u00favislos\u0165 s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi najmenej 23 g\u00e9nmi a s\u00fa mo\u017en\u00e9 aj \u010fal\u0161ie nezn\u00e1me pr\u00ed\u010diny.<\/p>\n

S\u013eubn\u00fd pr\u00edstup ku g\u00e9novej terapii<\/h2>\n

Pri takomto ve\u013ekom po\u010dte r\u00f4znych g\u00e9nov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou por\u00fach sluchu, nem\u00f4\u017ee existova\u0165 jedna g\u00e9nov\u00e1 terapia poruchy sluchu. Tak\u00e1to terapia si navy\u0161e vy\u017eaduje, aby sa u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pacienta objasnila nielen samotn\u00e1 porucha sluchu, ale aj pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd g\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd ju sp\u00f4sobuje. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa terapiu rozhoduj\u00faca skor\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia g\u00e9novej terapie. Napr\u00edklad \u0161peci\u00e1lny terapeutick\u00fd pr\u00edstup uk\u00e1zal s\u013eubn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pri pokusoch na my\u0161iach, no pri tejto terapii by sa hluchota musela diagnostikova\u0165 u\u017e v maternici. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd g\u00e9nov\u00fd defekt by musel by\u0165 identifikovan\u00fd v genetickom materi\u00e1li pred 18. t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148om tehotenstva! \u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee to nie je \u00faplne vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9, ale je to tak \u010faleko ako koloniz\u00e1cia Marsu,\u201c \u0161pekuluje prof. Reisinger, \u0161pecialistka na g\u00e9nov\u00fa terapiu.<\/p>\n

Ona sama sk\u00fama v\u00fdvoj g\u00e9novej terapie, ktor\u00e1 by mala pom\u00f4c\u0165 s mut\u00e1ciou, ktor\u00e1 je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 v dvoch percent\u00e1ch v\u0161etk\u00fdch geneticky sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch por\u00fach sluchu. Prebiehaj\u00fa klinick\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky. S\u013eubn\u00e9 s\u00fa tie v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 trendy g\u00e9novej terapie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podmienkou pre protetick\u00fa lie\u010dbu bud\u00facimi optick\u00fdmi kochle\u00e1rnymi implant\u00e1tmi.<\/p>\n

Zlep\u0161enie vn\u00edmania zvuku pomocou KI<\/h2>\n

V zdravom vn\u00fatornom uchu je v\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu k\u00f3dovan\u00e1 miestom vo vn\u00fatornom uchu, kde je konkr\u00e9tny zvuk stimulovan\u00fd. Kochle\u00e1rne implant\u00e1ty stimuluj\u00fa \u010do najbli\u017e\u0161ie k prirodzen\u00e9mu bodu stimul\u00e1cie pomocou impulzu elektrick\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu a to naz\u00fdvame I\u00f3nov\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia. Jedine KI od spolo\u010dnosti MED-EL pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pop\u00edsan\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 k\u00f3dovanie aj pre n\u00edzke zvuky.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu je slabinou modern\u00fdch kochle\u00e1rnych implant\u00e1tov ich relat\u00edvne n\u00edzke frekven\u010dn\u00e9 rozl\u00ed\u0161enie v porovnan\u00ed so zdrav\u00fdmi u\u0161ami. Taktie\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 zvukov\u00e9 rozdiely. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00fadov\u00e9 impulzy tie\u017e vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa svoje elektrick\u00e9 pole okolo akt\u00edvneho kontaktu, \u010d\u00edm sa tie\u017e aktivuj\u00fa aj susedn\u00e9 oblasti. \u201eZ tohto d\u00f4vodu nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa 12 alebo 24 kan\u00e1lov,\u201c vysvetlil Prof. Dr. Tobias Moser, riadite\u013e In\u0161tit\u00fatu pre audiologick\u00fa neurovedu na Lek\u00e1rskej univerzite v G\u00f6ttingene. \u201eTu vstupuje do hry optick\u00fd KI, preto\u017ee na neho je mo\u017en\u00e9 sa dobre nap\u00e1ja\u0165.\u201c D\u00fafame v 64 kan\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

Optick\u00e9 kochle\u00e1rne implant\u00e1ty<\/h2>\n

\u013dudsk\u00fd nervov\u00fd impulz je prirodzen\u00fd i\u00f3nov\u00fd impulz, tomu sa ve\u013emi podob\u00e1 elektronick\u00fd stimula\u010dn\u00fd impulz. Naproti tomu bunky zelenej riasy s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na svetlo. \u201eTrik spo\u010d\u00edva v pred\u013a\u017een\u00ed takejto genetickej inform\u00e1cie zo zelenej riasy a jej priveden\u00ed do \u013eudskej nervovej bunky,\u201c vysvetlil Prof. Moser. Deisseroth, Hegemann a Oesterhelt, vedci, ktor\u00ed ned\u00e1vno z\u00edskali Laskerovu cenu za z\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdskum, sa o to pok\u00fasili na my\u0161iach. Objekt\u00edvne merania odoziev sluchov\u00e9ho mozgov\u00e9ho kme\u0148a aj experimenty s anal\u00fdzou spr\u00e1vania uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 sluchov\u00e9 dojmy.<\/p>\n

\u201eSme uprostred v\u00fdvoja, no st\u00e1le m\u00e1me pred sebou ve\u013ea pr\u00e1ce!\u201c Povedal Prof. Moser o g\u00e9novej terapii a medic\u00ednskej technol\u00f3gii modulov optickej stimul\u00e1cie a vhodn\u00fdch k\u00f3dovac\u00edch strat\u00e9gi\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Posledn\u00fd de\u0148 rak\u00faskeho kongresu ORL, v septembri 2021 v Innsbrucku, sa pozornos\u0165 s\u00fastredila na strednodob\u00fa a vzdialen\u00fa bud\u00facnos\u0165 rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":31932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[445,422,412],"class_list":["post-17699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veda-sk","tag-development","tag-hearing-implant-reliability","tag-hearing-implants"],"yoast_head":"\nV\u00fdskum o bud\u00facnosti rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu - Slovak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Posledn\u00fd de\u0148 rak\u00faskeho kongresu ORL v roku 2021 sa pozornos\u0165 s\u00fastredila na v\u00fdskum a bud\u00facnos\u0165 rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/sk\/vyskum-o-buducnosti-rehabilitacie-sluchu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u00fdskum o bud\u00facnosti rehabilit\u00e1cie sluchu - 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