{"id":24041,"date":"2023-06-30T09:00:45","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/?p=24041"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:19:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T11:19:56","slug":"orasul-medical-viena-nu-doar-pentru-turisti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/ro\/orasul-medical-viena-nu-doar-pentru-turisti\/","title":{"rendered":"Ora\u0219ul Medical Viena – nu doar pentru turi\u0219ti"},"content":{"rendered":"

De la prima \u0219coal\u0103 medical\u0103 vienez\u0103 la implantul cohlear<\/h1><\/div>

Dou\u0103 \u0219coli medicale importante, o \u0219coal\u0103 psihanalitic\u0103, transplanturi de organe \u0219i implanturi auditive au fost dezvoltate \u00een Viena, care au avut un impact de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 asupra medicinei interna\u021bionale. Un tur al obiectivelor medicale din districtele centrale ale Vienei cu ghidul MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlinger.<\/strong>
\nEva Kohl<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Monumentul Maria Tereza, situat \u00eentre Muzeul de Istorie Natural\u0103 \u0219i Muzeul de Istorie a Artei, este un bun punct de plecare pentru tururile Vienei, inclusiv o plimbare de-a lungul istoriei medicale a capitalei federale. Impresionat de statuia impun\u0103toare a \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103tesei austriece care de fapt nu a devenit niciodat\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103teas\u0103 - \u00een ciuda tuturor eforturilor tat\u0103lui s\u0103u, so\u021bul ei, Franz Stephan de Lorena, a devenit oficial \u00eemp\u0103rat al Sf\u00e2ntului Imperiu Roman de Na\u021biune German\u0103 - grupul de siluete din dreapta, cu vedere spre Muzeul de Istorie Natural\u0103, este u\u0219or de ignorat. Acesta este condus de Gerard Freiherr van Swieten.<\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd Ana de Lorena, regent\u0103 a Olandei austriece \u0219i sor\u0103 a Mariei Tereza, s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit de febr\u0103 puerperal\u0103, a fost chemat medicul van Swieten. De\u0219i nu putea ajuta, metodele sale au impresionat-o pe regina austriac\u0103, care a corespondat cu el, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t l-a adus la Viena ca medic personal.<\/p>\n

Prima \u0218coal\u0103 de Medicin\u0103 din Viena<\/h2>\n

La Viena, van Swieten a schimbat medicina prin cerin\u021ba sa: \"Trebuie s\u0103 mergem la patul pacientului \u0219i s\u0103 vorbim cu el!\" \u00cen acest sens, van Swieten a introdus interviurile de anamnez\u0103 \u0219i vizitele \u00een sec\u021bie. \u00cen trecut, abordarea obi\u0219nuit\u0103 era un fel de diagnosticare de la distan\u021b\u0103, care este dezaprobat\u0103 ast\u0103zi din motive \u00eentemeiate.<\/p>\n

Van Swieten a constatat c\u0103, pentru a putea stabili un diagnostic precis, este important s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare condi\u021biile de trai \u0219i evenimentele care au precedat boala. Cu toate acestea, medicul a dorit s\u0103 bazeze tratamentul medical pe cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219tiin\u021bifice. El a \u00eenfiin\u021bat un laborator de cercetare medical\u0103 \u00een cadrul Academiei de \u0218tiin\u021be. Aceast\u0103 reform\u0103 a medicinei este numit\u0103 Prima \u0218coal\u0103 de Medicin\u0103 Vienez\u0103 (\u00een german\u0103: Erste<\/em> sau \u00c4ltere Wiener Medizinische Schule<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 \u00een Viena<\/h2>\n

Travers\u00e2nd Monumentul Mariei Tereza putem intra \u00een Hofburg din Viena prin Poarta Eroilor, re\u0219edin\u021ba casei regale a Austriei la acea vreme. \u00cen afar\u0103 de familia imperial\u0103, locuiau aici doamnele de onoare \u0219i diver\u0219i servitori cu familiile lor: \u00een total, aproximativ 10.000 de persoane. Toate aceste persoane au beneficiat de un serviciu medical de urgen\u021b\u0103 24 de ore din 24, precum \u0219i de acces gratuit la o farmacie.<\/p>\n

Spitalul public (\u00een german\u0103: das B\u00fcrgerspital<\/em>) din fa\u021ba la K\u00e4rntnertor a avut grij\u0103 de acei cet\u0103\u021beni care nu puteau avea grij\u0103 de ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 persoanele bolnave, femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i femeile care f\u0103ceau febr\u0103 puerperal\u0103, spitalul avea grij\u0103 \u0219i de cet\u0103\u021benii b\u0103tr\u00e2ni sau cu handicap permanent, precum \u0219i de orfani \u0219i chiar de pelerini, \u00eens\u0103 \u00eengrijirea medical\u0103 a c\u0103p\u0103tat importan\u021b\u0103 doar de-a lungul timpului. Spitalul public a trebuit s\u0103 se finan\u021beze singur - pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 dona\u021bii, \u0219i din bunurile economice care fie apar\u021bineau spitalului, fie erau administrate de acesta: dou\u0103 b\u0103i comunale, o moar\u0103, singura fabric\u0103 de bere vienez\u0103 \u0219i multe altele. Cel mai mare venit al spitalului public provenea din v\u00e2nzarea \u0219i servirea vinului. Acesta a reprezentat un factor economic important \u00een Viena \u0219i \u00eemprejurimi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen curtea interioar\u0103 a Hofburg se afl\u0103 monumentul lui Francisc al II-lea, \u00eemp\u0103rat al Sf\u00e2ntului Imperiu Roman, care a devenit \u00eemp\u0103ratul Francisc I al Austriei \u00een 1804. El s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit pentru a doua oar\u0103 cu Maria-Theresa de Napoli-Sicilia, care \u00eei era veri\u0219oar\u0103 primar\u0103 din dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi: din partea tat\u0103lui s\u0103u \u0219i din partea mamei sale.
\nFrancisc I\/II a fost c\u0103s\u0103torit \u00een total de patru ori, dar a pierdut primele dou\u0103 so\u021bii \u00een timpul na\u0219terii; celelalte dou\u0103 so\u021bii nu au r\u0103mas niciodat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103rcinate. Sarcina \u0219i na\u0219terea reprezentau un risc pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea femeilor habsburgice; printre \"oamenii de r\u00e2nd\", rata mortalit\u0103\u021bii femeilor \u00een urma na\u0219terii era chiar mai ridicat\u0103.<\/p>\n

A Doua \u0218coal\u0103 de Medicin\u0103 Vienez\u0103<\/h2>\n

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, un medic de origine maghiar\u0103, a atribuit apari\u021bia frecvent\u0103 a febrei puerperale igienei precare \u00een r\u00e2ndul medicilor \u0219i al personalului din spitale, \u00een special \u00een spitalele publice. El \u0219i-a testat teoria \u00eentre 1847 \u0219i 1848 cu un studiu care este considerat ast\u0103zi prima aplicare a medicinei bazate pe dovezi empirice \u00een Austria. Astfel, el a fost at\u00e2t student, c\u00e2t \u0219i primul reprezentant popular al celei de-a Doua \u0218coli de Medicin\u0103 Vieneze (\u00een german\u0103: Zweite Wiener Medizinische Schule<\/em> or J\u00fcngere Wiener<\/em>), care a aderat la abordarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103.
\nSemmelweis a impus apoi reguli stricte de igien\u0103 studen\u021bilor s\u0103i de la Spitalul General din Viena. El a reu\u0219it s\u0103 reduc\u0103 mortalitatea \u00een r\u00e2ndul femeilor \u00een timpul na\u0219terii de la 15 la sut\u0103 - \u00een unele spitale a ajuns chiar la 30 la sut\u0103 - la 1,27 la sut\u0103. Cu toate acestea, ipotezele \u0219i cererile sale l-au f\u0103cut s\u0103 fie antipatic \u00een r\u00e2ndul multor colegi.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce a locuit \u0219i a lucrat ulterior la Budapesta, a murit \u00een circumstan\u021be inexplicabile \u00een Spitalul Neurologic D\u00f6bling, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de Landesirrenanstalt.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Mo\u0219tenirea Habsburgilor<\/h2>
\n

Casele nobile din Europa, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 bolile comune ale vremii, sufereau de boli ereditare \u00een aceast\u0103 epoc\u0103. Printre Habsburgi, unii monarhi austrieci \u0219i-au c\u00e2\u0219tigat \u00een mod nejustificat reputa\u021bia de imbecili din cauza epilepsiei. Crizele de epilepsie nu puteau fi explicate altfel. Acest lucru a fost cauzat de politica matrimonial\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 din Europa la acea vreme. De exemplu, \u00eemp\u0103ratul Leopold I s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu prin\u021besa spaniol\u0103 Margarita Teresa, care era totodat\u0103 nepoata \u0219i veri\u0219oara sa. \u00cen \u0219ase ani de c\u0103snicie, i-a d\u0103ruit \u0219ase copii, dar a murit la scurt timp dup\u0103 a \u0219asea na\u0219tere, la v\u00e2rsta de 21 de ani.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sigmund Freud, Psihanaliza \u0219i ORL<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne \u00eendrept\u0103m de la Hofburg spre Biblioteca Na\u021bional\u0103, unde sunt p\u0103strate scrierile medicale ale vremii. \u00cen curte, Josephinum este eviden\u021biat de un relief. \u00cenfiin\u021bat de \u00eemp\u0103ratul Iosif al II-lea ca academie medico-chirurgical\u0103 pentru formarea medicilor militari, cl\u0103direa de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Alsergrund din districtul 9 din Viena, g\u0103zduie\u0219te \u00een prezent o colec\u021bie de istorie medical\u0103.
\nNeurofiziologul Dr. Sigmund Freud a locuit \u0219i a lucrat \u00een acest cartier. Cl\u0103dirile din Berggasse 19 sunt acum accesibile publicului ca \u0219i muzeu. Freud nu este considerat doar ca fiind \u00eentemeietorul psihanalizei, ci a experimentat \u0219i cu cocain\u0103, care era necunoscut\u0103 la acea vreme. El a recomandat-o ca analgezic \u0219i ca tratament de \u00eenlocuire \u00eempotriva dependen\u021bei de morfin\u0103. Freud a descoperit ulterior c\u0103 \u0219i cocaina poate crea dependen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Inspirat de Freud, oftalmologul Karl Koller de la Clinica oftalmologic\u0103 din Viena de la AKH, cea mai veche clinic\u0103 oftalmologic\u0103 din lume, a folosit efectul analgezic al cocainei ca anestezic. Ulterior, Koller este considerat a fi fondatorul anesteziei locale moderne, care este utilizat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een ziua de azi \u00een interven\u021biile chirurgicale ORL.<\/p>\n

Spitalul General din Viena - Secole de Excelen\u021b\u0103 Medical\u0103<\/h2>\n

Gro\u00dfarmen- und Invalidenhaus, construit \u00een timpul \u00eemp\u0103ratului Leopold I \u00een zona Altes AKH, acum folosit pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt universitar \u0219i catering, a fost transformat de \u00eemp\u0103ratul Iosif al II-lea \u00een primul spital general \u0219i inaugurat \u00een 1786. \u201dTurnul nebunilor\u201d de acolo, \u00een prezent Colec\u021bia Patologic\u0103-Anatomic\u0103, a fost prima cl\u0103dire special\u0103 pentru \u00eengrijirea bolnavilor psihic. Spitalul General din Viena a fost centrul \u0219colii de medicin\u0103 vieneze, \u00een special \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. \u00cen afara lui Ignaz Semmelweis, laureatul Premiului Nobel Karl Landsteiner, de exemplu, a lucrat acolo la descoperirea grupelor sanguine, sau laureatul Premiului Nobel R\u00f3bert B\u00e1r\u00e1ny, un medic ORL \u0219i neurootolog care a cercetat sim\u021bul echilibrului.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1984 Ernst Wolner \u0219i Axel Laczkovics au efectuat primul transplant de inim\u0103 \u00een Viena, la AKH. \u00cenc\u0103 din 16 decembrie 1977, otologul Kurt Burian a efectuat primul implant cohlear cu mai multe canale la Spitalul General din Viena, care fusese dezvoltat anterior de Ingeborg \u0219i Erwin Hochmair la Universitatea de Tehnologie din Viena \u0219i care a contribuit ulterior la \u00eenfiin\u021barea produc\u0103torului de implanturi auditive MED-EL. La fel ca exigen\u021ba lui Semmelweis privind igiena, \u00eenlocuirea artificial\u0103 a organului auditiv - singurul organ senzorial care poate fi restaurat artificial p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent - a dus la controverse aprinse; \u00eentre timp, \u00eens\u0103, a devenit la fel de bine stabilit\u0103 ca un ajutor incontestabil pentru cei afecta\u021bi \u0219i este acum o practic\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103. \u00cen 1994, a fost finalizat\u0103 relocarea clinicii \u00een complexul de cl\u0103diri al Noului Spital General, (\u00een german\u0103: Neues Allgemeines Krankenhaus; AKH<\/em>) unde sunt oferite cele mai moderne servicii de medicin\u0103 vienez\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Tururi tematice personalizate prin Viena<\/h2>
\n

Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 afla\u021bi<\/p>\n

    \n
  • cum a devenit baronul van Swieten tiparul pentru Dr. van Helsing \u00een Dracula,<\/li>\n
  • a c\u0103rui ran\u0103 a fost tratat\u0103 cu o cus\u0103tur\u0103 de furnic\u0103 \u00een vechea Viena,<\/li>\n
  • de ce cavalerii au suferit adesea traumatisme cervicale,<\/li>\n
  • de ce austriaca Elisabeth, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Sisi, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu suferea de bulimie \u0219i<\/li>\n
  • ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 are chirurgia plastic\u0103 cu via\u021ba desfr\u00e2nat\u0103 a \"chipe\u0219ului arhiduce\" Otto,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    atunci permite\u021bi-i lui MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlinger s\u0103 v\u0103 arate centrul ora\u0219ului Viena! Pot fi organizate tururi ghidate pe diverse teme, dar specialit\u0103\u021bile lui Kindlinger sunt medicina din Viena \u0219i istoria Habsburgilor.<\/p>\n

    Contact:<\/p>\n

    MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlinger<\/p>\n

    Adres\u0103 de e-mail: christinakindlinger@hotmail.com<\/span><\/p>\n

    Num\u0103r de telefon: +43650\/7206038<\/p>\n<\/div>

    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

    Observa\u021bia editorului: din cauza con\u021binutului par\u021bial istoric al acestui articol, textul nu a fost clasificat pe baz\u0103 de gen.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Un tur al diverselor obiective medicale din districtele centrale ale Vienei, al\u0103turi de ghida MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlinger.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[415],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life"],"yoast_head":"\nOra\u0219ul Medical Viena - nu doar pentru turi\u0219ti - Romanian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un tur al diverselor obiective medicale din districtele centrale ale Vienei, al\u0103turi de ghida MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlinger.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/ro\/orasul-medical-viena-nu-doar-pentru-turisti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ora\u0219ul Medical Viena - 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