{"id":32472,"date":"2025-08-28T08:55:33","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T08:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/lt\/?p=32472"},"modified":"2025-08-28T08:55:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T08:55:33","slug":"kochleariniu-implantu-garsas-nei-peliukas-mikis-nei-roboto-balsas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/lt\/kochleariniu-implantu-garsas-nei-peliukas-mikis-nei-roboto-balsas\/","title":{"rendered":"Kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 garsas: nei peliukas Mikis, nei roboto balsas!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaip skamb\u0117s mano kochlearinis implantas?<\/h1><\/div>

Nuo pirmosios kochlearin\u0117s implantacijos 1977 m. KI technologija tobul\u0117jo, o kartu su ja \u2013 ir kalbos supratimas bei garso kokyb\u0117 naudojant KI. Dabartiniuose tyrimuose imituojamas kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 garsas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

I\u0161 praktin\u0117s patirties specialistai \u017eino, kad dauguma kandidat\u0173 \u012f KI turi du pagrindinius klausimus: pirma, \u201eKaip gerai gird\u0117siu?\u201c ir, antra, \u201eKaip tai skamb\u0117s?\u201c [1]<\/a> Atsakyti \u012f klausim\u0105 apie pasiekiam\u0105 kalbos suprantamum\u0105 n\u0117ra lengva. Yra pernelyg daug \u012ftak\u0105 daran\u010di\u0173 veiksni\u0173, kurie vaidina svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f. Ta\u010diau galime bent jau i\u0161matuoti kalbos suprantamum\u0105 ir tada j\u012f i\u0161reik\u0161ti skaitin\u0117mis vert\u0117mis. Galime tik apib\u016bdinti gars\u0105 daugiau ar ma\u017eiau vaizdingais \u017eod\u017eiais arba palyginti j\u012f su \u017einomais garso vaizdais.<\/p>\n

Garsus raidos psichologas Michaelas F. Dormanas, lingvistikos, klausos ir kalbos moksl\u0173 profesorius emeritas, jau kelis de\u0161imtme\u010dius sprend\u017eia \u0161iuos sud\u0117tingus klausimus i\u0161 mokslin\u0117s perspektyvos. Jis pirmasis \u012fvairiose tyrim\u0173 grup\u0117se tyr\u0117 \u012fvairi\u0173 technini\u0173 veiksni\u0173 \u012ftak\u0105 kalbos supratimui naudojant kochlearinius implantus. Jis paai\u0161kina, kokiomis galimyb\u0117mis dabar naudojasi tyrin\u0117damas kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 gars\u0105: \u201eVienpusio kurtumo pacientai, turintys kochlearin\u012f implant\u0105, atv\u0117r\u0117 galimyb\u0119 mokslininkams atsakyti \u012f klausim\u0105, kur\u012f u\u017eduoda beveik kiekvienas kandidatas \u012f kochlearin\u012f implant\u0105: Kaip skamb\u0117s mano kochlearinis implantas?\u201c\u201c[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Naujausi\u0173 tyrim\u0173 [3]<\/a> [4]<\/a> rezultatai teikia vil\u010di\u0173: KI su trumpais elektrodais naudotojams KI skamba auk\u0161tesniais garsais nei nat\u016brali klausa. Ta\u010diau kai kuriems KI naudotojams su ilgais KI elektrodais KI skamba beveik arba net visi\u0161kai identi\u0161kai nat\u016braliai klausai, o kiti KI gars\u0105 suvokia kaip daugiau ar ma\u017eiau prislopint\u0105, kartais ir ne tok\u012f ai\u0161k\u0173 kaip nat\u016brali klausa kita ausimi [5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eIe\u0161kome Peliuko Mikio\u201c \u2013 apib\u016bdinkite arba palyginkite garso vaizdus<\/h2>\n

OViena i\u0161 toki\u0173 lyginam\u0173j\u0173 tyrim\u0173 pradininki\u0173 buvo Sandra Prentiss su savo moksliniais kolegomis JAV. Jie dirbo su KI vartotoju, kuriam KI elektrodas u\u017e\u0117m\u0117 beveik visus du sraig\u0117s pos\u016bkius, tod\u0117l po implantacijos jo likutin\u0117 klausa i\u0161liko beveik nepakitusi visuose garso auk\u0161\u010diuose. Prie\u0161 de\u0161imt met\u0173, atlikdama atvejo tyrim\u0105, mokslinink\u0173 grup\u0117 papra\u0161\u0117 \u0161io naudotojo palyginti garso auk\u0161\u010dio suvokim\u0105 su KI ir su nat\u016bralia likutine klausa toje pa\u010dioje ausyje. Rezultatai patvirtino atskir\u0173 auk\u0161\u010di\u0173 priskyrim\u0105 konkre\u010dioms sraig\u0117s vietoms, taigi ir ilg\u0173j\u0173 elektrod\u0173 svarb\u0105. Tyrimas taip pat parod\u0117, kad \u017eemo da\u017enio gars\u0173 atveju garso auk\u0161\u010dio suvokimui \u012ftakos turi laiko skiriamoji geba, taip patvirtinant vadinamojo smulkios strukt\u016bros kodavimo veiksmingum\u0105. Ta\u010diau \u0161is atvejo tyrimas nepateikia jokios informacijos apie garso vaizd\u0105.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Welleris ir jo kolegos rodo: \u201eKI naudotojai, kuri\u0173 elektrodai \u012fstatyti daugiau nei 630 laipsni\u0173 kampu, geriausiai supranta kalb\u0105, o tie, kuri\u0173 elektrodai \u012fstatyti ma\u017eiau nei 360 laipsni\u0173 kampu, \u017eymiai pras\u010diau supranta kalb\u0105. \u00a9adaptiert von Weller et al. 2023<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0160\u012f klausim\u0105 sprend\u0117 JAV mokslininkas Michaelas F. Dormanas kartu su kitais kolegomis mokslininkais, atlik\u0119s kelet\u0105 tyrim\u0173 su viena\u0161ali\u0161kai implantuot\u0173 KI naudotojais, kuri\u0173 kita pus\u0117 girdi normaliai ir nat\u016braliai. Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 KI implantacijos pacientams, turintiems vienpus\u012f kurtum\u0105, buvo atliktos 2003 m. kaip vieno Europos tyrimo dalis, o \u0161iandien jos yra \u012fprastos daugelyje \u0161ali\u0173, \u012fskaitant Austrij\u0105 [6]<\/a>. I\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 kai kurie ekspertai abejojo, ar dirbtinai sukuriamas KI garsinis \u012fsp\u016bdis yra suderinamas su nat\u016braliu kitos pus\u0117s garso \u012fsp\u016bd\u017eiu. Ta\u010diau Dormanas ir jo kolegos papra\u0161\u0117 toki\u0173 bimodalini\u0173 KI naudotoj\u0173 tiksliai palyginti KI skleid\u017eiam\u0105 gars\u0105 su nat\u016bralia kitos pus\u0117s klausa. Kaip akustin\u012f signal\u0105 jie naudojo kelis trumpus sakinius. Tada jie buvo techni\u0161kai apdorojami nat\u016braliai girdin\u010diai ausiai, kol tyrimo dalyviai apib\u016bdino gars\u0105 taip pat, kaip ir neapdorotas KI garsas.<\/p>\n

Vienos i\u0161 parengt\u0173 publikacij\u0173 \u012f\u017eangoje mokslininkai ra\u0161o, kad i\u0161 tokiu b\u016bdu sukurt\u0173 simuliacij\u0173 jie tik\u0117josi peliuko Mikio ar roboto gars\u0173. B\u016btent tokius vaizdinius kai kurie \u017emon\u0117s dar ir \u0161iandien naudoja kochlearinio implanto skleid\u017eiamam garsui apib\u016bdinti, kai kandidatai ar suinteresuoti asmenys apie j\u012f klausia. Ta\u010diau \u0161iuolaikini\u0173 KI garsas, matyt, yra kur kas nat\u016bralesnis, nei manyta anks\u010diau! Pasak Dormano, imitacini\u0173 gars\u0173 kalbos signalas daugiausia buvo \u0161iek tiek prislopintas [7]<\/a> [8]<\/a>. Kai kurie tyrimo dalyviai net \u012fvertino KI gars\u0105 kaip visi\u0161kai identi\u0161k\u0105 nat\u016braliam garsui kitoje ausyje \u2013 taip buvo b\u016btent kai kuri\u0173 MED-EL implant\u0173 su ilgais elektrodais naudotoj\u0173 atveju.<\/p>\n

Simuliacija rodo: \u0161iuolaikiniai IK skamba nat\u016braliai!<\/h2>\n
\"\"

While MED-EL FLEX24 electrode arrays are used in EAS systems for people who can still hear low-pitched sounds with their natural hearing, the longest electrodes from some other providers are even shorter than that for candidates with profound hearing loss. Nors \u201eMED-EL FLEX24\u201c elektrod\u0173 matricos naudojamos EAS sistemose \u017emon\u0117ms, kurie vis dar girdi \u017eemo da\u017enio garsus savo nat\u016bralia klausa, ilgiausi kai kuri\u0173 kit\u0173 paslaug\u0173 teik\u0117j\u0173 elektrodai yra dar trumpesni nei tie, kurie skirti asmenims su giliu klausos praradimu.<\/p><\/div>\n

Mokslininkai suk\u016br\u0117 \u012fvairi\u0173 modeliavimo b\u016bd\u0173, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima suprasti technini\u0173 parametr\u0173 poveik\u012f. Ta\u010diau tai visada buvo tik palyginimas: ilgi ar trumpi elektrodai, daugiau ar ma\u017eiau da\u017eni\u0173 juost\u0173, su smulkiosios strukt\u016bros informacija ar be jos. Tai svarbi informacija ne tik k\u016brimo komandoms: KI kandidatai gali pasinaudoti \u0161iais modeliavimais, kad nuspr\u0119st\u0173, kurioms KI funkcijoms jie nori skirti ypating\u0105 d\u0117mes\u012f. Ta\u010diau \u0161ie modeliavimai negali sudaryti tikrojo kochlearinio implanto skambesio \u012fsp\u016bd\u017eio!<\/p>\n

B\u016btent to siekiama naujuoju KI eksperto Michaelo F. Dormano ir jo koleg\u0173 atliktu modeliavimu. Savo paai\u0161kinimuose jie taip pat pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad nat\u016bralus garso \u012fsp\u016bdis netur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti tapatinamas tik su optimaliu kalbos supratimu. Net ir naudojant dabartin\u0119 KI technologij\u0105, vis tiek reikia prisitaikyti prie KI. Klausos reabilitacija u\u017etikrina optimal\u0173 kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 naudojim\u0105. Smegen\u0173 klausos apdorojimas gali priprasti prie ne tokio optimalaus KI garso, ta\u010diau tam da\u017enai prireikia keleri\u0173 met\u0173[9], o tai yra dar viena Dormano tyrim\u0173 i\u0161vada. Nepaisant to, tyrimo rezultatai \u012fsp\u016bdingi: \u0161iandien kandidatai \u012f KI gali tik\u0117tis beveik nat\u016bralios garso kokyb\u0117s su individualiai pritaikytu KI elektrodo ilgiu!<\/p>\n<\/div>

Elektrod\u0173 ilgis: kaip technin\u0117s savyb\u0117s veikia gars\u0105<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mokslininkai netruko sukurti garsini\u0173 pavyzd\u017ei\u0173, kurie pad\u0117t\u0173 normali\u0105 klaus\u0105 turintiems \u017emon\u0117ms \u012fsivaizduoti atskir\u0173 kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 technini\u0173 savybi\u0173, ypa\u010d elektrod\u0173 ilgio, \u012ftak\u0105. \u017dmogaus vidin\u0117 ausis naudoja \u201evietos kodavim\u0105\u201c: skirtingi gars\u0173 auk\u0161\u010diai priskiriami tam tikroms sraig\u0117s vietoms. Naudojant kochlearin\u012f implant\u0105 girdimi b\u016btent tie gars\u0173 diapazonai, kuri\u0173 ekvivalentas pasiekia KI elektrod\u0105 sraig\u0117je. Tod\u0117l ypa\u010d svarbu, kad elektrodo ilgis kuo labiau atitikt\u0173 sraig\u0117s ilg\u012f. Kandidatams \u012f KI arba naudotojams, kuri\u0173 sraig\u0117 yra tipi\u0161ka, Austrijos gamintojas \u201eMED-EL\u201c vienintelis si\u016blo 32 milimetr\u0173 ilgio elektrodus, kurie yra pakankamai ilgi, kad vienodai pasiekt\u0173 auk\u0161t\u0173 ir \u017eem\u0173 ton\u0173 vietas.<\/p>\n

Pavyzd\u017eiui, vos 24 milimetr\u0173 ilgio elektrodas nepasiekia daugiau kaip trij\u0173 oktav\u0173 da\u017eni\u0173 diapazono, esan\u010dio tipin\u0117je sraig\u0117je! Kad nepaisant to visi garsai b\u016bt\u0173 girdimi, gamintojai naudoja triukus, vadinamus da\u017enio keitimu ir da\u017enio suspaudimu. Naudojant da\u017enio poslink\u012f, 70 herc\u0173 da\u017enio garsas stimuliuojamas ten, kur i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 buvo girdimas 590 herc\u0173 garsas. D\u0117l to viskas skamba auk\u0161tesniais da\u017eniais ir tai vadinama peliuko Mikio efektu. D\u0117l papildomo da\u017enio suspaudimo septynios girdimo garso oktavos suspaud\u017eiamos \u012f keturias oktavas. Jei tai b\u016bt\u0173 atkartojama fortepijonu, fortepijonas skamb\u0117t\u0173 ne tik nemaloniai auk\u0161tai, bet ir labai nesuderintai, tod\u0117l reikia manyti, kad toks efektas taip pat pasiekiamas naudojant KI.<\/p>\n

Be to, trumpesnis elektrodas ne tik daro \u012ftak\u0105 garsui, bet ir blogina kalbos supratim\u0105. Tai \u012frod\u0117 daugyb\u0117 mokslinink\u0173 \u2013 neseniai tai \u012frod\u0117 Tobiasas Welleris ir jo kolegos i\u0161 Hanoverio universitetin\u0117s ligonin\u0117s. Jie teigia, kad \u201enauda [kochlearinio implanto] yra gerokai didesn\u0117, kai [elektrodo] \u012fterpimo kampas yra 540\u00b0-630\u00b0, nei kai \u012fterpimo kampas yra ma\u017eesnis nei 360\u00b0, nors po 630\u00b0 jis reik\u0161mingai nesuma\u017e\u0117ja\u201c. [10]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\n

[1]<\/a> Dorman MF, Natale SC, Baxter L, et al. Approximations to the Voice of a Cochlear Implant: Explorations With Single-Sided Deaf Listeners. Trends in Hearing. 2020;24. doi:10.1177\/2331216520920079
\n[2]<\/a> Zeitler DM, Dorman MF, Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness: A New Treatment Paradigm. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019; 80(02): 178-186. doi: 10.1055\/s-0038-1677482
\n[3]<\/a> Dorman MF, Natale SC, Butts AM, Zeitler DM, Carlson ML. The sound quality of cochlear implants: Studies with singlesided deaf patients. Otol Neurotol. 2017 Sep;38(8):e268-e273. doi: 10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001449.
\n[4]<\/a> Dorman MF, Natale SC, Zeitler DM, Baxter L, Noble JH. Looking for Mickey Mouse\u2122 But Finding a Munchkin: The Perceptual Effects of Frequency Upshifts for Single-Sided Deaf, Cochlear Implant Patients. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Sep 20;62(9):3493-3499. doi: 10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-H-18-0389. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
\n[5]<\/a> Dorman MF, 2020
\n[6]<\/a> Prentiss S, Staecker H, Wolford B. Ipsilateral acoustic electric pitch matching: a case study of cochlear implantation in an up-sloping hearing loss with preserved hearing across multiple frequencies. Cochlear Implants Int. 2014;15(3):161-165. doi:10.1179\/1754762814Y.0000000066
\n[7]<\/a> Dorman MF 2020
\n[8]<\/a> Dorman MF 2019
\n[9]<\/a> Dorman MF, Natale SC, Noble JH and Zeitler DM (2022) Upward Shifts in the Internal Representation of Frequency Can Persist Over a 3-Year Period for Cochlear Implant Patients Fit With a Relatively Short Electrode Array. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16:863891. doi: 10.3389\/fnhum.2022.863891
\n[10]<\/a> \u201e9 Gr\u00fcnde f\u00fcr die Relevanz der CI-Elektrode\u201c, https:\/\/blog.medel.pro\/de\/chirurgie\/relevanz-der-ci-elektrode\/
\n[11]<\/a> Quellen: Elektroden-Einf\u00fchrwinkel laut Studien siehe blog.medel.pro; Flex34 approximiert.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32476,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mokslas"],"yoast_head":"\nKochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 garsas: nei peliukas Mikis, nei roboto balsas! - Lithuanian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/lt\/kochleariniu-implantu-garsas-nei-peliukas-mikis-nei-roboto-balsas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kochlearini\u0173 implant\u0173 garsas: nei peliukas Mikis, nei roboto balsas! 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