{"id":24041,"date":"2023-06-30T09:00:45","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/?p=24041"},"modified":"2025-05-12T09:54:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T09:54:53","slug":"lekarske-mesto-viden-nejen-pro-turisty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/cs\/lekarske-mesto-viden-nejen-pro-turisty\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 m\u011bsto V\u00edde\u0148 – nejen pro turisty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od prvn\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty po kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implantace<\/h1><\/div>

Ve V\u00eddni vznikly dv\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly, psychoanalytick\u00e1 \u0161kola, transplantace org\u00e1n\u016f a sluchov\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 trvale ovlivnily mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed medic\u00ednu. Prohl\u00eddka l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek ve vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00edch V\u00eddn\u011b s pr\u016fvodkyn\u00ed MMag Christinou Hieke-Kindlingerovou.
\n<\/strong>
\nEva Kohlov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pam\u00e1tn\u00edk Marie Terezie mezi P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00fdm muzeem a Um\u011bleckohistorick\u00fdm muzeem je dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem pro prohl\u00eddky V\u00eddn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b proch\u00e1zky po l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 historii spolkov\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. Pod dojmem mohutn\u00e9 sochy t\u00e9to rakousk\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159ovny, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed nikdy nebyla - p\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed jej\u00edho otce se jej\u00ed man\u017eel Franti\u0161ek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Lotrinsk\u00fd stal ofici\u00e1ln\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159em Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 n\u00e1roda n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho -, lze skupinu postav vpravo s v\u00fdhledem na P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 muzeum snadno p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. Vede ji Gerard Freiherr van Swieten.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Anna Lotrinsk\u00e1, regentka rakousk\u00e9ho Nizozem\u00ed a sestra Marie Terezie, onemocn\u011bla hore\u010dkou, byl povol\u00e1n l\u00e9ka\u0159 van Swieten. P\u0159esto\u017ee j\u00ed nemohl pomoci, jeho metody na rakouskou panovnici zap\u016fsobily a ta si s n\u00edm vym\u011bnila dopisy, tak\u017ee ho nechala p\u0159iv\u00e9zt do V\u00eddn\u011b jako sv\u00e9ho osobn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola<\/h2>\n

Ve V\u00eddni van Swieten reformoval medic\u00ednu sv\u00fdm po\u017eadavkem: \"Mus\u00edme j\u00edt k l\u016f\u017eku pacienta a mluvit s n\u00edm!\". V tomto ohledu van Swieten zavedl anamnestick\u00e9 rozhovory a vizity na odd\u011blen\u00edch v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu. P\u0159edt\u00edm byl obvykl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem jak\u00fdsi druh diagnostiky na d\u00e1lku, kter\u00fd je dnes z dobr\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f odm\u00edt\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Van Swieten si uv\u011bdomoval, \u017ee pro stanoven\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a ud\u00e1losti t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. L\u00e9ka\u0159 v\u0161ak cht\u011bl tak\u00e9 zalo\u017eit l\u00e9\u010dbu na v\u011bdeck\u00fdch poznatc\u00edch: V Akademii v\u011bd zalo\u017eil laborato\u0159 pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Tato reforma medic\u00edny se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Prvn\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola (n\u011bmecky Erste<\/em> or \u00c4ltere Wiener Medizinische Schule<\/em>).<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de ve V\u00eddni<\/h2>\n

P\u0159es pomn\u00edk Marie Terezie m\u016f\u017eeme Br\u00e1nou hrdin\u016f vstoupit do v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9ho Hofburgu, tehdej\u0161\u00edho s\u00eddla rakousk\u00fdch regent\u016f. Krom\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 rodiny zde \u017eily dvorn\u00ed d\u00e1my a r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eebnictvo s rodinami: celkem asi 10 000 osob. V\u0161ichni m\u011bli k dispozici l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pohotovostn\u00ed slu\u017ebu 24 hodin denn\u011b a tak\u00e9 voln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do l\u00e9k\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n

O ob\u010dany, kte\u0159\u00ed se o sebe nemohli postarat sami, se starala ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 nemocnice (n\u011bmecky das B\u00fcrgerspital<\/em>) p\u0159ed K\u00e4rntnertorem. Krom\u011b nemocn\u00fdch, t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een a \u017een v porodnici se \u0161pit\u00e1l staral tak\u00e9 o star\u00e9 nebo trvale posti\u017een\u00e9 ob\u010dany, stejn\u011b jako o sirotky a dokonce i o poutn\u00edky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de postupem \u010dasu jen z\u00edsk\u00e1vala na v\u00fdznamu. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 nemocnice musela sama zaji\u0161\u0165ovat sv\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed - krom\u011b dar\u016f tak\u00e9 z hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho majetku, kter\u00fd bu\u010f pat\u0159il nemocnici, nebo byl v jej\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b: dv\u011b l\u00e1zn\u011b, ml\u00fdn, jedin\u00fd v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd pivovar a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy m\u011bla ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 nemocnice z prodeje a pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edna. P\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd faktor ve V\u00eddni a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na vnit\u0159n\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed Hofburgu najdeme pomn\u00edk Franti\u0161ka II. c\u00edsa\u0159e Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9, kter\u00fd se v roce 1804 stal c\u00edsa\u0159em Franti\u0161kem I. Rakousk\u00fdm. Jako svou druhou man\u017eelku si vzal Marii-Terezii Neapolsko-Sicilskou, kter\u00e1 byla jeho sest\u0159enic\u00ed z prvn\u00edho kolena, a to hned ze dvou stran: z otcovy a z mat\u010diny.
\nFranti\u0161ek I\/II. byl celkem \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u017eenat\u00fd, ale o prvn\u00ed dv\u011b man\u017eelky p\u0159i\u0161el p\u0159i porodu; dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b man\u017eelky nikdy neot\u011bhotn\u011bly. T\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a porod p\u0159edstavovaly pro habsbursk\u00e9 \u017eeny zdravotn\u00ed riziko; mezi \"prost\u00fdm lidem\" byla \u00famrtnost \u017een p\u0159i porodu je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 fakulta<\/h2>\n

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, l\u00e9ka\u0159 ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtal \u010dast\u00fd v\u00fdskyt porodnick\u00e9 hore\u010dky \u0161patn\u00e9 hygien\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a nemocni\u010dn\u00edho person\u00e1lu, zejm\u00e9na ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch. Svou tezi ov\u011b\u0159oval v letech 1847-1848 studi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1na za prvn\u00ed aplikaci medic\u00edny zalo\u017een\u00e9 na empirick\u00fdch d\u016fkazech v Rakousku. Byl tedy studentem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prvn\u00edm popul\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem Mlad\u0161\u00ed neboli Druh\u00e9 v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly (n\u011bmecky Zweite Wiener Medizinische Schule<\/em> nebo J\u00fcngere Wiener<\/em>), kter\u00e1 se hl\u00e1sila k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu.
\nSemmelweis pak od sv\u00fdch student\u016f ve v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 nemocnici vy\u017eadoval p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy. Poda\u0159ilo se mu sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00famrtnost rodi\u010dek z 15 % - v n\u011bkter\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch dosahovala dokonce 30 % - na 1,27 %. P\u0159esto byl kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm tez\u00edm a po\u017eadavk\u016fm u mnoha koleg\u016f neobl\u00edben\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co pozd\u011bji \u017eil a pracoval v Budape\u0161ti, zem\u0159el za nevyjasn\u011bn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed v neurologick\u00e9 nemocnici v D\u00f6blingu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako Landesirrenanstalt.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Habsburk\u016f<\/h2>
\n

V\u0161echny evropsk\u00e9 \u0161lechtick\u00e9 rody v t\u00e9to dob\u011b trp\u011bly krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed tak\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdmi chorobami. Mezi Habsburky si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed rakou\u0161t\u00ed panovn\u00edci zcela neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b vyslou\u017eili pov\u011bst imbecil\u016f kv\u016fli epilepsii: Jinak se epileptick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty vysv\u011btlit nedaly. Bylo to zp\u016fsobeno spole\u010dnou s\u0148atkovou politikou v tehdej\u0161\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad c\u00edsa\u0159 Leopold I. se o\u017eenil se \u0161pan\u011blskou princeznou Margaritou Terezou, kter\u00e1 byla z\u00e1rove\u0148 jeho nete\u0159\u00ed a sest\u0159enic\u00ed. Za \u0161est let man\u017eelsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota mu porodila \u0161est d\u011bt\u00ed, ale kr\u00e1tce po \u0161est\u00e9m porodu ve v\u011bku 21 let zem\u0159ela.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sigmund Freud, psychoanal\u00fdza a ENT<\/span><\/p>\n

Z Hofburgu se vyd\u00e1me sm\u011brem k N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovn\u011b, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed i dobov\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 spisy. Na p\u0159edn\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed je Josephinum zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno reli\u00e9fem. V prostor\u00e1ch nedaleko Alsergrundu v 9. v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9m obvodu, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eil c\u00edsa\u0159 Josef II. jako l\u00e9ka\u0159sko-chirurgickou akademii pro v\u00fdcvik vojensk\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, se dnes nach\u00e1z\u00ed sb\u00edrka d\u011bjin medic\u00edny.
\nV sousedstv\u00ed \u017eil a pracoval tak\u00e9 neurofyziolog Dr. Sigmund Freud. Prostory na Berggasse 19 jsou nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti jako muzeum. Freud je pova\u017eov\u00e1n nejen za otce psychoanal\u00fdzy, ale tak\u00e9 experimentoval s kokainem, kter\u00fd byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. Doporu\u010doval ho jako l\u00e9k proti bolesti a pro substitu\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu proti z\u00e1vislosti na morfinu. Freud pozd\u011bji zjistil, \u017ee kokain m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 n\u00e1vykov\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Freudem inspirovan\u00fd o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 Karl Koller na v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed klinice AKH, nejstar\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed klinice na sv\u011bt\u011b, vyu\u017e\u00edval analgetick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek kokainu jako anestetika. Koller je proto pova\u017eov\u00e1n za zakladatele modern\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed anestezie, kter\u00e1 se dnes pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i v ORL chirurgii.<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 nemocnice ve V\u00eddni - stalet\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 excelence<\/h2>\n

Gro\u00dfarmen- und Invalidenhaus, postaven\u00fd za c\u00edsa\u0159e Leopolda I. v are\u00e1lu Altes AKH, kter\u00fd dnes slou\u017e\u00ed jako univerzitn\u00ed a stravovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, byl c\u00edsa\u0159em Josefem II. p\u0159estav\u011bn na Prvn\u00ed v\u0161eobecnou nemocnici a otev\u0159en v roce 1786. Tamn\u00ed Bl\u00e1znova v\u011b\u017e, dnes patologicko-anatomick\u00e1 sb\u00edrka, byla prvn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed budovou pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed du\u0161evn\u011b nemocn\u00fdch. V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 nemocnice byla centrem v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly, zejm\u00e9na v 19. stolet\u00ed. Krom\u011b Ignaze Semmelweise zde pracoval nap\u0159\u00edklad nositel Nobelovy ceny Karl Landsteiner, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdval objevem krevn\u00edch skupin, nebo nositel Nobelovy ceny R\u00f3bert B\u00e1r\u00e1ny, l\u00e9ka\u0159 ORL a neurootolog, kter\u00fd zkoumal smysl pro rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n

V roce 1984 provedli Ernst Wolner a Axel Laczkovics v AKH prvn\u00ed transplantaci srdce ve V\u00eddni. Ji\u017e 16. prosince 1977 implantoval otolog Kurt Burian ve V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 nemocnici ve V\u00eddni prvn\u00ed v\u00edcekan\u00e1lov\u00fd kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1t, kter\u00fd p\u0159edt\u00edm vyvinuli Ingeborg a Erwin Hochmairovi na V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 technick\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji vedl k zalo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobce sluchov\u00fdch implant\u00e1t\u016f MED-EL. Podobn\u011b jako Semmelweis\u016fv po\u017eadavek na hygienu vedla um\u011bl\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada sluchov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu - jedin\u00e9ho smyslov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd lze dodnes um\u011ble obnovit - k ostr\u00fdm kontroverz\u00edm; mezit\u00edm se v\u0161ak stejn\u011b prosadila jako neomyln\u00e1 pomoc posti\u017een\u00fdm a dnes je ji\u017e rutinn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. V roce 1994 bylo dokon\u010deno p\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed kliniky do komplexu budov Nov\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 nemocnice (n\u011bmecky Neues Allgemeines Krankenhaus; AKH), kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 medic\u00edny.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed tematick\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky V\u00eddn\u00ed<\/h2>
\n

Chcete-li v\u011bd\u011bt,<\/p>\n

    \n
  • jak se baron van Swieten stal p\u0159edlohou pro doktora van Helsinga ve filmu Dracula,<\/li>\n
  • \u010d\u00ed zran\u011bn\u00ed se ve star\u00e9 V\u00eddni l\u00e9\u010dilo mraven\u010d\u00edm stehem,<\/li>\n
  • pro\u010d ryt\u00ed\u0159i \u010dasto trp\u011bli bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm,<\/li>\n
  • pro\u010d rakousk\u00e1 Al\u017eb\u011bta, zvan\u00e1 Sisi, rozhodn\u011b netrp\u011bla bulimi\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • a co m\u00e1 plastick\u00e1 chirurgie spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s prostop\u00e1\u0161n\u00fdm \u017eivotem \"kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho arciv\u00e9vody\" Otty,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    pak se nechte MMag Christinou Hieke-Kindlingerovou prov\u00e9st centrem V\u00eddn\u011b! Prohl\u00eddky s pr\u016fvodcem jsou mo\u017en\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, ale Kindlinger se specializuje na v\u00edde\u0148skou medic\u00ednu a d\u011bjiny Habsburk\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Kontakt:<\/p>\n

    MMag Christina Hieke-Kindlingerov\u00e1<\/p>\n

    E-Mail: christinakindlinger@hotmail.com<\/span><\/p>\n

    Phone: +43650\/7206038<\/p>\n<\/div>

    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

    Pozn\u00e1mka redakce: Vzhledem k \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b historick\u00e9mu obsahu tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebyl text genderov\u011b upraven.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Od prvn\u00ed v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty po kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implantace Ve V\u00eddni vznikly dv\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[726],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-volny-cas"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 m\u011bsto V\u00edde\u0148 - nejen pro turisty - Czech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prohl\u00eddka r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek ve vnit\u0159n\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00edch V\u00eddn\u011b s pr\u016fvodkyn\u00ed MMag Christinou Hiekeovou-Kindlingerovou.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/cs\/lekarske-mesto-viden-nejen-pro-turisty\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 m\u011bsto V\u00edde\u0148 - 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