{"id":23855,"date":"2023-07-06T09:00:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T07:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/?p=23855"},"modified":"2025-04-17T04:40:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T04:40:02","slug":"umeni-slyset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/cs\/umeni-slyset\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bn\u00ed sly\u0161et"},"content":{"rendered":"

O um\u011bn\u00ed sly\u0161et \u2013 v mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, medic\u00edn\u011b a technologii kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f<\/h1><\/div>

Dne 3. b\u0159ezna 2023, u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne sluchu a v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 30 let sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, pozvala v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka spole\u010dnosti MED-EL hosty do z\u00e1mku Belvedere. D\u016fvod\u016f je hned n\u011bkolik \u2013 v\u0161echny souvisej\u00ed s um\u011bn\u00edm. Skv\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pod\u00edvat se bl\u00ed\u017ee na souvislost mezi v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm a sluchem:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed host\u00e9 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f, stejn\u011b jako spole\u010dn\u00edci a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 se se\u0161li v b\u0159eznu na Sv\u011btov\u00fd den sluchu ve slavn\u00e9m barokn\u00edm komplexu, kter\u00fd zaznamenal sv\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed dokon\u010den\u00ed v roce 1723, tedy p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed 300 lety.<\/p>\n

30 let MED-EL V\u00edde\u0148 - 300 let Belveder, velmi mil\u00e1 shoda okolnost\u00ed, i kdy\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti se o spojen\u00ed v\u00fdrobce sluchov\u00fdch implant\u00e1t\u016f a pal\u00e1ce Belveder zaslou\u017eila zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u00e1ma: Jmenovit\u011b m\u00faza, kterou m\u011bl tehdy k dispozici slavn\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 z Ringstrasse Hans Makart pro sv\u016fj obrazov\u00fd cyklus \"P\u011bt smysl\u016f\", p\u0159esn\u011bji pro \"Sluch\".<\/p>\n

Po 150 letech je tato d\u00e1ma ji\u017e pon\u011bkud star\u0161\u00ed - MED-EL V\u00edde\u0148 tedy poskytl finan\u010dn\u00ed podporu na restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed a poslou\u017eil tak jako tematicky dokonale vhodn\u00fd kmotr pro p\u016fsobiv\u00fd obraz.<\/p>\n

\"\"Onomatopoie v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Obraz Hanse Makarta je jen jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f na toto t\u00e9ma - sluch, resp. poslouch\u00e1n\u00ed, byly v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed zobrazeny nespo\u010detn\u011bkr\u00e1t. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159e barokn\u00edho obdob\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed bezesporu Jan Brueghel star\u0161\u00ed, Jan Steen, Gerrit van Honthorst nebo nedosti\u017en\u00fd Michelangelo Merisi - zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jako Caravaggio.<\/p>\n

V\u0161ichni se ve sv\u00fdch d\u00edlech zab\u00fdvali lidsk\u00fdmi smysly a obvykle byl sluch - jako jeden z t\u011bchto smysl\u016f - postaven do centra pozornosti jako nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00fd smysl. Zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed hudby bylo v tomto kontextu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 d\u00edky mnoha symbolick\u00fdm v\u00fdznam\u016fm; zejm\u00e9na v 16. a 17. stolet\u00ed byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za symbol postaven\u00ed. Hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje i lid\u00e9 hraj\u00edc\u00ed hudbu byli proto \u010dasto malov\u00e1ni jako demonstrace bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"Pohled zven\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\n

T\u00e9ma sluchu v malb\u011b lze v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit. Z ticha vznikla \u0159ada slavn\u00fdch d\u011bl, v nich\u017e je patrn\u00e1 absence tolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho smyslu pro sluch:
\nSv\u011bt, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il mal\u00ed\u0159 Wolfgang Heimbach, je prost\u00fd hluku. \u010clov\u011bk si toho \u010dasto v\u0161imne a\u017e na druh\u00fd pohled, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou jeho d\u00edla je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed. Teprve kdy\u017e v\u00edte, \u017ee severon\u011bmeck\u00fd um\u011blec narozen\u00fd v 17. stolet\u00ed byl hluch\u00fd, uv\u011bdom\u00edte si, \u017ee v jeho idyl\u00e1ch nikdo neude\u0159\u00ed na loutnu, v nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch pocty nezazn\u00edvaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 fanf\u00e1ry. Sv\u00e1 vyobrazen\u00ed \u010dasto koncipoval z perspektivy vylou\u010den\u00ed. V majetku Um\u011bleckohistorick\u00e9ho muzea ve V\u00eddni je jeho obraz No\u010dn\u00ed hostina, kter\u00fd to p\u016fsobiv\u011b ukazuje. Toto d\u00edlo z\u00e1rove\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed do s\u00e9rie chiaroscura, jeho\u017e dramatick\u00fd v\u00fdraz byl zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem v obdob\u00ed pozdn\u00ed renesance a baroka. Heimbach se tedy siln\u011b soust\u0159edil na s\u00edlu sv\u011btla a byl ovlivn\u011bn d\u00edly skupiny caravaggiovc\u016f - nap\u0159\u00edklad Caravaggia nebo grandi\u00f3zn\u00edho Georgese de la Tour.<\/p>\n

\"\"Temn\u00fd romantik<\/h2>\n

D\u00edla Francisca de Goyi jsou n\u00e1dhern\u011b ponur\u00e1. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159, rytec a litograf po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici ve v\u011bku 46 let zcela ohluchl, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se jeho \u017eivot i tvorba dramaticky zm\u011bnily. Jeho zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 smyslov\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed se ze spole\u010dnosti daly vzniknout d\u00edl\u016fm p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fry, kter\u00e1 se z\u00e1rove\u0148 stala jeho nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bji p\u016fsob\u00ed grafick\u00fd cyklus Caprichos a tak\u00e9 Las Pinturas Negras, jeho \u010cern\u00e9 obrazy, kter\u00e9 ilustruj\u00ed um\u011blcovu stra\u0161idelnou n\u00e1ladu vyvolanou jeho hluchotou. Tato groteskn\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed Pinturas Negras p\u016fvodn\u011b namaloval na st\u011bny sv\u00e9ho venkovsk\u00e9ho domu; nyn\u00ed jsou p\u0159enesena na pl\u00e1tno a z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti je m\u016f\u017eeme obdivovat v Pradu, proslul\u00e9m madridsk\u00e9m muzeu um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"Obrazy v uchu<\/h2>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fahel pohledu nebo poslechu: Vsed\u011b. Poslech. Vid\u011bn\u00ed - ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se do n\u011bj v ateli\u00e9ru Rity De Muynck zapoj\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee tu\u0161it, co chce um\u011blkyn\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm sv\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy dop\u0159\u00e1t - hlub\u0161\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 aktivace r\u016fzn\u00fdch smysl\u016f, v\u011bdecky \u0159e\u010deno synestezie. De Muynck s t\u00edmto jevem experimentuje ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dvacet let. Poslouch\u00e1 hudbu ve stavu naprost\u00e9ho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho transu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e c\u00edt\u00ed a sly\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm barvy, tvary a obrazce. Teprve pozd\u011bji, m\u016f\u017ee uplynout n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nebo m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed obrazy na pl\u00e1tno.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou posadit na k\u0159esla p\u0159ed obrazy, um\u011blkyn\u011b zapne p\u0159esn\u011b tu hudbu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 obrazy sly\u0161ela-vid\u011bla, a skute\u010dn\u011b se zm\u011bn\u00ed i vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed u div\u00e1ka: Nepohyboval se r\u016f\u017eovo\u010derven\u00fd tvor v tajemn\u00e9m lese pr\u00e1v\u011b v rytmu hudby? Nez\u00e1\u0159\u00ed najednou siln\u011bji? Prask\u00e1 ve v\u011btv\u00edch, pulzuje n\u011bco a zv\u011bt\u0161uje se?<\/p>\n

Tento z\u00e1\u017eitek nelze zam\u011b\u0148ovat s klasickou asociac\u00ed, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje De Muynck. Jde hloub\u011bji, do limbick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. \"Um\u011bn\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 mozek,\" je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena Rita De Muynckov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 tak dokazuje dal\u0161\u00ed velmi zaj\u00edmavou symbi\u00f3zu mezi sluchem a v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sly\u0161et barvy, vid\u011bt zvuky<\/h2>\n

V tom byl dobr\u00fd zejm\u00e9na jeden \u010dlov\u011bk: Wassily Kandinsky. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu daru ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 synestezie, schopnosti multisenzorick\u00e9ho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, dok\u00e1zal vytv\u00e1\u0159et spojen\u00ed mezi zvuky, barvami a tvary a tak\u00e9 do sv\u00fdch obraz\u016f zapojovat hudbu.
\nCentre Pompidou v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a Google Arts & Culture se spojily, aby vzdaly hold um\u011blci, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za inici\u00e1tora hnut\u00ed abstraktn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed. Sounds like Kandinsky shroma\u017e\u010fuje jeho um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla na jednom m\u00edst\u011b a obsahuje nov\u00fd experiment strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed nazvan\u00fd Play a Kandinsky, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et si na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei Kandinsk\u00e9ho mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/p>\n

Komponovan\u00e9 obrazy<\/h2>\n

Komponovan\u00e9 obrazy maj\u00ed mnoho podob: skladatel\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obrazy jako inspiraci pro svou hudbu; koncertn\u00ed form\u00e1ty spojuj\u00edc\u00ed hudbu s v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 smyslov\u011b a atmosf\u00e9ricky roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed; um\u011blci vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch d\u011bl - mo\u017enosti spojen\u00ed sluchu a zraku v um\u011bn\u00ed se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekone\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"V\u0161emi smysly - nebo smysly?<\/h2>\n

Obraz Nora Edvarda Muncha V\u00fdk\u0159ik je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b velmi vhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \"auditivn\u00edho obrazu\" a jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bl modern\u00edho mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed v\u016fbec. Ve skute\u010dnosti se nejedn\u00e1 o jeden obraz, Munch K\u0159ik maloval v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 17 let st\u00e1le dokola, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jsou \u010dty\u0159i obrazy a jedna litografie, kter\u00e9 ve variac\u00edch zobrazuj\u00ed v\u017edy tot\u00e9\u017e: \u010dlov\u011bka s ohnut\u00fdm t\u011blem, kter\u00fd si tiskne ruku na u\u0161i a do\u0161iroka otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fasta a o\u010di.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d si ale n\u011bkdo, kdo hlasit\u011b k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 zacp\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u0161i? V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku vyvstala ot\u00e1zka, kdo vlastn\u011b k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed a kdo ne. Mezit\u00edm se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee postava na obr\u00e1zku nek\u0159i\u010d\u00ed - m\u00edsto toho d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, co v tomto jedin\u00e9m okam\u017eiku ur\u010duje jej\u00ed vztah ke sv\u011btu v\u00edc ne\u017e cokoli jin\u00e9ho, co by mohla d\u011blat: tato postava naslouch\u00e1. Co\u017e vlastn\u011b nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b, proto\u017ee postava si zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u0161i. V\u00fdk\u0159ik je proto p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlasit\u00fd. A proto\u017ee postava z\u00e1rove\u0148 do\u0161iroka otev\u00edr\u00e1 o\u010di, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento v\u00fdk\u0159ik je tak\u00e9 vid\u011bt. Pozad\u00ed na obr\u00e1zku ned\u00e1v\u00e1 ani n\u00e1znakem najevo, \u017ee jde o zjevn\u011b hlasit\u00fd zdroj zvuku. Sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 a viditeln\u00e9 je pouze m\u00edsto s vlnami, v\u011btrem, p\u0159\u00edrodou - kter\u00e1 p\u0159esto k\u0159i\u010d\u00ed. Nebo je postava kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu ohnut\u00e9mu postoji p\u0159ece jen mimo smysly, proto\u017ee k\u0159ik sly\u0161\u00ed jen vnit\u0159n\u011b?<\/p>\n

Munch p\u0159ece prohl\u00e1sil: \"C\u00edtil jsem velk\u00fd k\u0159ik p\u0159\u00edrody\". Pokud tedy nev\u011b\u0159\u00edte, \u017ee obrazy lze sly\u0161et, m\u011bli byste se na v\u00fdk\u0159ik Edvarda Muncha pod\u00edvat je\u0161t\u011b jednou, dokud ho neusly\u0161\u00edte.<\/p>\n

Ucho na obr\u00e1zk<\/h2>\n

Jak zn\u00e1mo, o u\u0159\u00edznut\u00e9m uchu Vincenta van Gogha existuje mnoho spekulac\u00ed. U\u0159\u00edzl si ho s\u00e1m v absinthov\u00e9m opojen\u00ed; ne, byl to jeho p\u0159\u00edtel Paul Gauguin v d\u016fsledku ostr\u00e9ho sporu. Kolem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ucha v mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed koluj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 historky, podobn\u011b jako kolem krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.
\nJist\u00e9 je, \u017ee 23. prosince 1888 si van Gogh, zcela p\u0159epracovan\u00fd a opil\u00fd, u\u0159\u00edzl v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele Gauguina mal\u00fd kousek lev\u00e9ho ucha. Nemohlo to b\u00fdt cel\u00e9 ucho, jinak by vykrv\u00e1cel. Ani tato interpretace v\u0161ak Van Gogha p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezatla\u010duje do pozice \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9ho um\u011blce a pozornost se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na jeho velk\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 d\u00edlo.<\/p>\n

Od tohoto kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho exkurzu do sv\u011bta mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je neodmysliteln\u011b spjato se sluchem, se vra\u0165me do sou\u010dasn\u00e9 V\u00eddn\u011b, kde se d\u00edky sponzorstv\u00ed spole\u010dnosti MED-EL, kter\u00e1 uvedla do kin film Hanse Makarta Das Geh\u00f6r (\u010desky Sluch), uzav\u00edr\u00e1 kruh um\u011bn\u00ed sluchu; do V\u00eddn\u011b, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e po stalet\u00ed produkuje \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdkony; do V\u00eddn\u011b, kter\u00e1 jako prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b um\u011ble obnovila sluchov\u00fd org\u00e1n. Nejen um\u011ble - d\u00edky um\u011bn\u00ed a dovednostem.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/h2>
<\/div>
\n

Sources:<\/h3>\n

https:\/\/www.ritademuynck.com\/cms\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/project\/kandinsky<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.landesmuseum-ol.de\/ausstellungen\/wolfgang-heimbach.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O um\u011bn\u00ed sly\u0161et – v mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, medic\u00edn\u011b a technologii kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f Dne 3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[726],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-volny-cas"],"yoast_head":"\nUm\u011bn\u00ed sly\u0161et - Czech<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dne 3.3.2023, u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne sluchu a 30. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed, pozvala v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka spole\u010dnosti MED-EL hosty do pal\u00e1ce Belvedere.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lifelonghearing.com\/cs\/umeni-slyset\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Um\u011bn\u00ed sly\u0161et - 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